冠词
1、概述
英语中在名词前面经常会出现a,,an,和the这三个词，来帮助名词说明所表示的人或物。这三个词叫冠词。冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用。在英语中a, an 为不懂冠词；the 为定冠词；名词前不用冠词的情况称为零冠词。
冠词的泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
冠词的特指：上下文提到的人或物；或是被限制性修饰语在其后面加以限定的人或物；也可以指说话双方心里所默认的、特定的人或事物。
冠词的类指：指具有共同性质的火典型特征的事物的一个类别。
冠词的专指：指类别中的一员或一部分成员或一部分具体事物。
2、冠词的基本用法
1. 不定冠词的用法
（1）不定冠词有a, an 两种形式，当紧跟冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素时用a；当紧跟冠词的第一个音素为元音音素时用an。
____ university; ____ hour; _____ honest boy; ______ European country; ____ X-ray; ______ 800- word-long composition; _____ one -eyed dog
2. 不定冠词a,an 放在可数名词单数前面表示泛指，说明名词的名称或种类，具有“一个；一种……”的意思
a friend; a pen; a book
一两天：a day or two; one or two days
每周一次：once a week
3. 放在序数词前面表示“又一；再一”； 放在形容词的最高级前面，表示very。
eg. I 've failed it, and I want to try it for a second time.
  This is a most interesting book.
4. 用于专有名词的前面，表示某人或某家的一个成员，某种人物或某人的作品。
eg.  A Linda is calling you on the phone.
    I want to be a Jordon.
    I saw a .Leonardo da Vinci in the museum.
5. 放在某些表示“身份、职位、国籍”的名词前，表示主语属于某个身份、国籍和职位。
eg. I am a teacher.
He is an American.
6. 用在某些抽象名词的前面，表示抽象名词的具体化。
ag. an honour; a pleasure; a beauty; a pity; a surprise…
7. 有些不可数名词， 如knowledge, collection, understanding 等后面如果有of 短语时，该不可数名词前面要加不定冠词。
eg. He has ____ good knowledge of English.
My uncle has ____ large collection of ancient vases.
8. 不定冠词的常用搭配
in a way ________________ at a distance______________ all of a sudden ___________
as  a rule ______________　put an end to ______________ as a result ______________
as a whole ______________ come to an end _____________ at a loss ________________
make a fire ______________take an interest in ____________ make a fortune ____________
lend a hand ____________　keep an eye on ____________ have a  try ______________
as a matter of fact___________ have a cold ___________ have a gift for ______________
have a good/happy time ____________ have a word with _____________ have a holiday ____
have a population of ____________ have/take a rest/ break _________ get a lift /ride _________
go on a diet ____________ make a living ______________ after a while ____________
in a hurry ______________ in a sense _____________ once in a while ______________
at a blow ___________ for a while ______________ once upon a time _____________
with a score of __________ a matter of ___________ a waste of ________________
in a moment __________ what a pity! _______________
你还能出相关的词组与搭配吗？
练习：
1. Christmas is _____ special holiday when _____ whole family are supposed to get together.
2. I know _____ John Lennon, but not ____ one you know.
3. They are twins, so they are of ______ age.
4. I don't want to have words with you. I prefer to have ____ word with you.
5. China has ____ rather large population than Canada.
2. 定冠词的用法
（1）用在表示特指的人或事物的前面：上文提到过下文再次提到的；指说话双方都知道的。
eg. Would you mind turn down the TV?
（2）用在世界上独一无二的事物名词之前，但是如果这些名词前有描述性定语时，常用不定冠词。
eg. The sun is shining brightly.
  ______ universe 宇宙  _____ world 世界 
  ______ blue sky蓝天  ______ new moon一弯新月
（3）用在形容词和副词的最高级和序数词的前面
eg. This is the best film I have ever seen.
He was the last to come to classroom today.
(4)用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人。
eg.  The Smiths are on holiday.
(5)用在年代，朝代的前面
eg.  ______ Tang Dynasty  ______ Spring and Autumn Period      in ____ 1980s
(6)用于表示具体计量的结构，意思是“按……计算。以……计算”
by the hour/day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo/ thousand 
注意：size/ weight/ time 前面跟by 连用，则中间不加定冠词。
eg. Most workers get paid by _____ month.
      The meat is sold by _____ weight.
练习：
1. The diet is measured in ________ calories, while the food is sold by ______ pound.
2. ----- It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _____ year.
------- Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.
(7)表示用于发明物的单数名词前面
eg. The telephone was invented by Bell.
(8)西洋乐器的前面用定冠词,(中国乐器名词前不用冠词  play erhu)
  eg. play the piano; play the guita
(9)在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、岛、海峡、海湾、运河等前面用定冠词。
The West Lake; theYangtze River; the Grand Canal
(10)“动词+sb. +介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中一定要使用定冠词。
eg. hit sb on _____ head; grasp sb. by _____ arm;
be red in _____ face ; be blind in _____ eyes
(11)定冠词the 的固定结构
make the best/ most of ________  in the daytime _______  in the end __________
in the morning/afternoon/evening_______________    in the habit of ___________
not in the leas(=not at all)_____________ in the way ________ in the distance _______
on the whole ________ on the left/right ________ on the one hand…on the other hand_________
weight可不可数

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。