初中英语语法学习之动名词难点分析
动名词的被动形式和完成形式
1）动名词有时需用被动形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：
a．He hates being interrupted.他不愿意被人打断。
He narrowly escaped being run over .他差点被车压了。
I appreciate being given this opportunity.我很感谢给了我这个机会。
I remembered being taken to Paris as a small child. 我记得小时候曾被带到巴黎。
Grace resented being called a baby.格雷斯讨厌别人叫他小宝宝。
He just missed being caught.他差点没被抓住。
She disliked being spoken to like that. 她不喜欢别人对她这样讲话。
We cannot help being touched by their zeal.我们禁不住被他们的热情所打动。
b．I object to being spoken to like that.我反对别人对我这样讲话。
He hoped to get out without being seen.他不希望不被人看见溜出来。
All laws have to be submitted to Parliament for ratification before being put into force.所有法律在实施前均需提交议会批准。
He ran away for fear of being hurt.他跑掉了，惟恐受到伤害。
Who can prevent their plans from being carried out?谁能阻止他们那些计划的实现？
She is far from being pleased about it.对此她很不满意。
I’m not used to being treated like this.我不习惯受这种款待。
She openly talked of having been let down.她公开谈到被人涮了。
间或也可用作主语：
It felt funny being called Grandma.被人称作奶奶怪怪的。
Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路有时会很害怕。
weight可不可数2）动名词有时需要完成形式，可作动词的宾语（a）或介词的宾语（b）：
a．He denied having been there.他不承认到过那里。
I could not recall having heard ahyone say that before.我不记得以前听人说过这话。
I don’t recallect having seen him before.我不记得以前见过他。
I regretted having left Montreal.我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。
He reported having met only a cyclist.他报告说只碰到一个骑车的人。
She admits having seen us.她承认见到了我们。
I don’t remember having heared you say that.我不记得听你说过这话。
b．He accused me of having broken my word.他指责我不守信用。
We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。
He was ashamed of having failed to pass the test.测试没通过他感到羞愧。
Don’t be angry with me for not having written to you.我没给你写信，请别生气。
After having had some practice,he decided to try again.经过一番练习，他决定再试一次。
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.保险柜没有被人动过的痕迹。
动名词的逻辑主语
动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示，可用在：
a．主语前：
Your coming to help is a great encouragement to me. 你们来帮忙对我是很大的鼓舞。
Her going off in such a hurry is very risky.她这样匆忙离去很危险。
Jane’s not having received proper training was to her disadvantage.简没受过适当训练对她是不利的。
Your denying everything will get you nowhere.你否认一切不会对你有好处。
It has been a great honour your coming to visit us.你来看我们真是不胜荣幸。
It seems so strange your going like this.你这样去显得很奇怪。
b．宾语前：
I hate your going away.我不愿意你走掉。
Forgive my(me) ringing you up so early.原谅我这么早给你打电话。
You can’t prevent his(him) spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花自己的钱。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 感谢你为我花了这么多时间。
I don’t remember my mother’s complaining about it. 我不记得我母亲抱怨过这事。
She suggested his sending it to Tagore. .她建议他把它寄给泰戈尔。
Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.请原谅我误拆了你的信。
I can still recall your saying to me that you were going to be a lawyer.我还记得你曾对我说过你想当律师。
c．介词宾语前：
I strongly object to your saying that.我强烈反对你说这话。
I’m fed up with your grumbling!你唧唧咕咕我都听烦了。
I’m not surprised at your misunderstanding me.我并不为你误会我而感到奇怪。
I never dreamt of its hurting you.我绝没有想到它会伤你的心。
I have made no objection to his doing it.我对他这样做没表示反对。
There was no chance of his getting scholarships.他没有机会得奖学金。
Since my coming to London I have not been well.自从来到伦敦，我身体一直不舒服。
They’re looking forward to Mary’s coming.他们都盼着玛丽来。
在口语中，有时用名词或人称代词宾格表示动名词的逻辑主语：
He didn’t mind Flora(her)leaving home.他不介意弗洛拉（她）离开家。
I don’t remember my mother complaining about it.我不记得我母亲曾抱怨此事。
I can’t understand him(his)leaving his wife.我不懂他为什么离开他的妻子。
He resented me(my)being promoted before him.他怨恨我比他早升职。
动名词构成的合成名词
1）许多合成名词由“动名词+名词”构成：
swimming pool 游泳池              swimming suit 游泳衣
boxing competition  拳击比赛      speaking  contest  演讲比赛
sleeping bag    睡袋              sleeping  pill  片
writing desk    写字台            writing paper  信纸
diving suit    潜水衣            diving board 跳板
watering can  洒水壶             filling station  加油站
drawing board    绘图板          drawing pin  图钉
washing machine  洗衣机          washing powder 洗衣粉
fishing pole    （美）钓鱼竿      fishing line 钓鱼线
drinking water  饮用水            drinking fountain  饮水台
waiting room    候车（诊）室      waiting list 候选人名单
parking lot(space)  停车场（位）    parking meter 停车计时器
checking account    活期账户        banking system 银行系统
sewing machine  缝纫机              printing-press  印刷机
hearing aid      助听器            operating table 手术台

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