Lesson One 名词的单复数和所有格
Part A Grammar Review Array名词
名词是人们认识事物所使用的基本词汇，它主要用来指人或各种事物
具体的名称，也可以指抽象的概念。根据名词所指事物是否可数，即是否
可分成独立一致的多个个体，可以将名词分成可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词变复数名词的变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
（一）规则变化如下：
妻子（wife）（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌；
躲在架（shelf）后保己（self）命（life），半片（half）树叶（leaf）遮目光。
（二）不规则变化有下面几种情形：
①man – men；woman – women（男人、女人，a变e）；
②foot – feet；tooth – teeth；goose – geese （牙齿和鹅、脚，oo变ee）；
③单复数形式一样的单词有：sheep, deer, fish等；
④表示某个国人的词：Chinese, Japanese单复数一致；
英法一律a改e：Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen
其他国家加s：American-Americans，German- Germans
⑤复合名词把中心词变为复数：girl student（女学生）- girl students（学生是中心词）；
pencil-box –；apple tree - 等。
⑥包含man和woman构成的复合词，两个词全都变成复数：
man doctor – men doctors；woman teacher –等。
⑦完全不讲道理的变化：mouse – mice；child – children；datum – data等。
⑧只有复数形式的名词：pants; clothes; trousers; goods; glasses; scissors; compasses;
shoes; socks等词只有复数形式。
1. computer animal zoo CDweight可不可数
2. bus box match sandwich
3. baby story city country
4. video photo piano tomato
5. knife leaf wife thief
6. man Japanese child German
7. My mother and aunt are both (woman doctor).
8. The (cattle) on the hill are belonging(属于) to the farm.
9. There are some (shelf) in the reading-room.
10. I’m sorry but I can’t go with you. You see I have so much(work) to do.
11. The (roof) of these old temples need repairing.
二、不可数名词
不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，因此不能和a或an及数词搭配使用。不可数名词表示数量可以用some, any, little, a little, much, a piece of, a pound of, a cup of, a lot of等表示数量的介词词组连用，如：a piece of news；
four glasses of milk；five bottles of water等。
（一）Warm Up Excerises
a piece of paper一张纸→ ____________两张纸
a cup of tea 一杯茶→ _____________四杯茶
a bag of rice一袋大米→____________十袋大米
a bottle of water 一瓶水→ ____________十瓶水
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示的是名词之间的所属关系，类似汉语中的“我的鞋子”中的“的”，表示的是“鞋子是属于我的”这样一种“属于和拥有的关系”。
英语中表示这种所属关系的表达方式就是所有格，所有格有以下几种体现方式：
（一）在表示有生命的名词末尾加上-’s，具体方法如下：
i.一般情况下在名词词尾加-’s，如：Dick’s car。
ii.以-s结尾的复数名词在表示所有格时，加-’，如brothers’ books。
若单词本身以s结尾，仍然加-’s，如：boss’s plan。
iii.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同拥有时，只在最后的一个名词后加-’s.
但在表示各自拥有同一物品时，两个名词都要在词尾加-’s，表示所有。
< This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom. 这是玛丽和她的。
These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags. 这些是Tom和Mary的包。
iv.表示店铺，医院，学校，住宅及公共建筑时。
< at the bookseller’s 在书店at the doctor’s 在医院
v.由some-, any-, every- 与-one/-body 结合起来的复合名词，如someone, everybody 等和else连用时，’s 应加在else后：e.g. somebody else’s pencil （二）对没有生命的名词，采用“名词+of+名词”的结构，拥有者在后。
比如：the window of my house.
1. ---- Whose umbrella is it?
--- It’s _______.
A. somebody else’s
B. somebody else
C. s omebody’s else’s
D. s omebody’s else
2. The woman over there is ______ mother.
A. Julia and Shelley’s
B. Julia’s and Shelley’s
C. Julia and Shelley
D. Julia’s and Shelley
3. Today is September 10th. It’s _____ Day.
Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teacher
B. Teachers’
C. the Teachers’
D. Teacher’s
4. This is my dress. That one is ____.
A. Mary
B. Mary’s
C. sister
D. mother
5. The is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycles’ shop Part B Inclass Exercises
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher’s
B. teacher’s
C. teacher’s
D. the teachers’
2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window
B. the room’s window
C. the room of the window
D. the window of room
3. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.
A. bamboo
B. bamboos
C. kinds of bamboo
D. kinds of bamboos
4. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.
A. Building second
B. Building Two
C. the Building Two
D. Building the Second
5. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work
B. much works
C. lots of homeworks
D. quite a lot of homeworks
6. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.
A. a ten minutes
B. ten minutes
C. a ten minutes’
D. ten minutes’
7. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.
A. a 1000-word
B. 1000 words
C. a 1000-words
D. 1000 words’
8. His isn’t fit for the work. Please get me ___.
A. something else
B. somebody else
C. someone else’s
D. somebody’s else
9. They say that the meeting will be ___.
A. of very important
B. great importance
C. of great importance
D. great important
10. I’m going to call at ___ this evening.
A. Mr Black
B. the Blacks
C. Mr Black’s
D. Blacks’
11. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk.
A. machine
B. machines
C. a machine
D. the machine
12. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomato
B. potatos
C. vegetable
D. meats
13. Excuse me, can you change this ___ for me?
A. five-pound note
B. five pounds note
C. five-pound notes
D. five pounds notes
14. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.
A. fall
B. reality
C. practice
D. deed
15. Here’s my card, Let’s keep in ___.
A. touch
B. relation
C. connection
D. friendship
16. These young people are now making an active ___ to save the old temple.
A. part
B. effort
C. decision
D. plan
17. Don’t push to the front; you have to wait your ___.
A. chance
B. duty
C. line
D. turn
18. You need more ___ to keep fit.
A. practice
B. train
C. exercises
19. There are numbers of _____ on the farm.
A.sheep
B. sheepes
C. ships
D. sheeps
20. I wonder why_____ are interested in action films(动作片).
A. the people
B. people
C. peoples
D. the peoples Part C Afterclass Exercises
1. How many___ would you like?
A. paper
B. bread
C. pieces of papers
D. pieces of bread
2. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes
B. dress
C. clothing
D. trousers
3. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman
B. women
C. woman’s
D. women’s
4. Jack’s room is furnished with ___.
A. new furnitures
B. many new furnitures
C. many new pieces of furnitures
D. many new pieces of furniture
5. Have you read ___newspaper yet?
A. today’s
B. Today’s
C. the today’s
D. your today’s
6. He had a ___sleep yesterday.
A. a good night
B. a good-night
C. a good night’s
D. good-night’s
7. Do you know how large ___ is?
A. the population of China
B. Chinese population
C. China population
D. China’s population
8. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.
A. belief
B. beliefs
C. beliefers
D. believes
9. What ___ weather we’re having these days!
A. nice
B. a nice
C. a bad
D. worse
10. There are some ___waiting for you outside.
A. German
B. American
C. grown-up
D. Japanese
11. While washing up, she broke a ___.
A. glass wine
B. wine glass
C. glass of wine
D. wine of glass
12. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little ___.
A. wait
B. time
C. patience
D. rest
13. We walked all the ___ to the museum.
A. trip
B. road
C. way
D. journey
14. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a ___.
A. message
B. letter
C. sentence
D. notice
15. – What are these in English? -They are ____.
A. potatoes
B. tomatos
C. rices
D. breads
16. Mr. Black often gives us ___ by Email.
A.some good information
B. some good informations
D. a good information
17. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.
A. The box weight
B. The box’s weight
C. The weight of the box
D. The box of the weight
18. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?
A. shoe
B. shoe
C. shoes’
D. shoe’s
19. ___is not a long way to drive.
A. Three miles distance
B. Three-mile distance
C. Three miles’ distance
D. A three-mile-distance
20.Autumn _____ are falling down from trees.
A. leaf
B. leafs
C. leave
D. leaves
参考答案：
课上练习
单选：1-5 DADBA 6-10 DABCC 11-15 ACACA 16-20 BDDAB
课后练习：1-5 DBBDA 6-10 CABAD 11-15 BCCAA 16-20 ACBCD

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