名词
（一） 可数名词和不可数名词
1． 什么是不可数名词？
1）物质名词 glass, tea
2）抽象名词 beauty, youth
3) 科学名称 physics, maths
练习：出不可数名词
boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music
homework bread blood dress news milk dustman
2．不可数名词变成可数名词
1）词义发生改变
time—times work---works
wood—woods sand—sands
cloth—clothes glass—glasses
2) 加量词
a glass of water , two pieces of paper
练习；填入恰当的量词
a ________________ of good news (条)
weigh名词a ________________ of trousers (条)
a ________________ of advice ( 条)
a ________________ of coffee (杯 )
a ________________ of oil (滴)
a ________________ of matches (盒)
a ________________ of glasses (副)
a ________________ of ink (瓶)
a ________________ of tea (壶)
two ______________ of fish (盘)
three ______________ of rice (袋)
six ________________ of clothes (套)
（二）．可数名词的复数构成
A. 规则变化
构成法 | 例词 |
一般情况在词尾加______ | Desk------desks |
以___ ____ ____ ____结尾加 ______ | Bus ------buses |
以____ 结尾的加_____ | Face-----faces |
以辅音+______结尾，变____为_____加 _________ | Baby------babies |
以辅音+ _____结尾加______ | Tomoto-----tomatoes |
以元音+ _____结尾加______ | Radio -----radios |
以____或____结尾，变___/____ 为____, 加 _____ | Life----lives |
练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。
1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month
5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class
9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key
13) leaf 14) thief 15)hero 16)photo
B. 不规则变化
1. 单复同形
deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means
2. 只有复数形式
people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses
3. 不规则变化
man---- men woman---- women foot ----- feet tooth-----teeth
mouse ------mice child-----children German------Germans
4. 复合名词的复数
1) 将后一部分变成复数
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen grown-up----grown-ups
2) 将主要成分变成复数
looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law----sons-in-law
3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数
men doctors women singers
练习：
roof________ woman driver________________ step-mother_______________
sheep _____________ Japanese __________________sister-in-law__________________
（二） 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s
Mr Li’s house The cat’s food James’ dog The dogs’ food
2. 表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示
The leg of the desk the cover of the magazine
3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。
Two months’ time Today’s newspaper fifty pounds’ weight
4. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home.
The doctor’s the tailor’s my uncle’s the barber’s
5. 名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示
a friend of John’s that bike of Tom’s
6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s .
Jane and Fred’s mother Jane’s and Fred’s mother
Tom and Tim’s car Tom’s and Tim’s car
（三） 名词的用法
名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。
1． The story is very interesting. ( )
2． I am drawing a picture. ( )
3． My brother is a doctor. ( )
（四） 主谓一致
1. 主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。
He is a student. We are students.
2. and 连接两个名词，看有无the.
The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.
The professor and the writer are going to our school.
3. A number of…和The number of…后的谓语。
The number of people was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
4. 主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数
主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
Nobody but your parents knows about it.
All the teachers as well as the students were invited to the party.
5. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。
Two weeks ___(be ) not enough to finish the work .
1000 dollars ___(be ) a large amount of money.
6. There be 句型就近原则。
There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.
There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.
There ____ a nurse and two patients in the hospital.
7. 某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就
其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似
His family _____(be) a happy family.
They whole family _____(be) having lunch.
The population of China ____(be)very large.
All the world ________(be) waiting for the good news.
8. 成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与a pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论