主谓一致
一、概念：主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
二、要点扫描：
（一）、谓语动词用单数的情况
1.由and 连接几个并列的（名词，代词，动名词，不定式……），并表示同一概念或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
The(A) singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位(一位)歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.不断尝试是我们获得知识的源泉。
Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.
When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided.
2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, every , each , more than one , many a (an)修饰时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
every…and every … / each …and each… /many a …and many a … / no…and no…
Every student and every teacher is in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
3表示距离，时间，金钱，书名等的词做主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three years has passed since then.
Six hundred miles is a long distance.
4.不定式，动名词，从句做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Smoking is a bad habit.
To see is to believe.
What we need is more time.
5.many a+ 单数名词 / more than one + 单数名词 做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Many a student has passed the English exam.
More than one student has read the book.
（二）、谓语动词用复数的情况
1. and 连接（名词，代词，动名词，不定式），表示多个概念时，谓语动词常用复数。
A singer and a dancer are performing .
Tom and Jack are close friends.
When to hold the meeting and where to hold the meeting are two important things.
2. 集合名词people, cattle，police……做主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
The police are searching for the thief.
The cattle are in the shed. 牛在栏内。
3.The + adj. / p.p.表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词常用复数。
这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等
The wounded have been sent to the hospital.
The blind study in special schools.
4. 成双成对的词glasses, trousers, shoes，compasses, chopsticks, scissors……做主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
Dark glasses are very useful when the sunlight is strong.
注意：若该类名词前有 a pair of / a kind of / a series of 等修饰时，则由kind, pair, series 的单复数来决定。A pair of shoes is on the desk.
        Ten pairs of shoes are on sale.
三、不确定的情况
1. 由意义决定谓语
1）单复数同形的词作主语
单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语单词应根据意义决定单、复数，这类词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means等。
Some sheep are over there.
2) 集合名词作主语
①某些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中个体成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有：audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party, public, team等。
The whole family are watching TV.
②某些集合名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
The police are searching for the thief.
3) all, most, half, rest,some, none等作主语，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
All of my classmates work hard.
2. 由名词决定谓语的单复数
weigh名词1）“分数或百分数+ of +名词”作主语，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。
50% of the students are for the opinion.
2) 名词+ with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, except, but, like, including等引起的短语作主语时,谓语动词与最前面的名词保持一致。
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
3) “a lot of, lots of, plenty of,…等+可数名词复数或不可数名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致
  *a quantity of/ quantities of +pl/un.做主语谓语与    quantity 的单复数保持一致。
an amount of/ amounts of +(un) 做主语谓语与 amount 的单复数保持一致。
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
3. 就近一致原则
当两个主语由 there be; either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or..; not only…but also…; not…but…; …or…连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either you or he is to go.
4. 关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时， 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
I, who am your best friend, will help you.
5. 谓语动词由主语的中心词决定
1）the number of +(pl)+v.(单数)  A number of +(pl)+v.(复数)
  The amount of +(un)+v.(单数)  An amount of +(un)+v.(单数)
The number of students in my class is over 60 and a number of them are girls.
2) This kind of men +v.(单数)  Men of this kind + v. (复数)
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
3)Each of them +v.(单数)  They each +v.(复数)
Each of the stones weighs 5 tons.
The stones each weigh 5 tons.
框架结构
一. 用单数的情况
1. 由and连接（名词，代词，动名词，不定式），表示同一概念。
2.and 连接并列单数主语 many a …and many a…; no….and no…
3.表示距离，时间，金钱，书名常用单数。
4.从句，不定式做主语
二.用复数的情况
1. 由 and连接（名词，代词，动名词，不定式），表示多个概念。
2.集合名词 people, cattle, police…
3.The + adj.表示一类
4. 成双成对的词 glasses, trousers, shoes…+v.(复数)
  该类名词前有量词，则有量词决定如 a pair of …
三.不确定的情况
1. 由意义决定谓语
1）单复数同形的词如 sheep, deer
2) 集合名词family, team, class…
3) all, most, half, rest, some, none…
2.由名词决定
1) 分数，百分数+名词
2）名词+with/together with/ as well as…
3)a lot of /lots of /plenty of+(pl/un

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