主语和谓语的一致
⒈ Definition: 主语要和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫主谓一致。 
⒉ 主谓一致包括三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 
㈠ 语法一致原则：指用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。
⑴ 介词短语 with, as well as, including, except, except for, but, together, besides, rather than, along with, together with 等修饰主语时，谓语动词的数的形式与介词前面的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 
e.g. I, along with my parents, am a football fan. The girl as well as boys likes playing basketball. ⑵ 由each 和 every 修饰的名词以及由 every-, any-, some-, no- 构成的复合代词都当作单 数，谓语动词用单数。 
e.g. Every hour and every minute is important. Every boy and every girl enjoys the holiday. Someone is waiting for you. Everyone is here. Everything is ready.
⑶ 动名词（短语），不定式（短语）和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. To see is to believe.  Walking on the moon is very difficult. What he said is wrong. 
注：ⅰ. 在用形式主语it 的句中和在用it 作主语的强调句中，谓语动词总用单数。 
e.g. It isn’t obvious who will be the best.
It was he who taught us English last year.
ⅱ. what 引导的主语从句，谓语一般用单数，但如果表示复数意义时谓语动词要用复数。
e.g. What he left me are some old books. 
ⅲ. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数和先行词保持一致，但如果先行词受到 one of 的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用复数，谓语动词受到the only (very, last) one of 的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 
e.g. He has some books which were bought yesterday. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 
⑷ many a + n.(单数)/ more than one +n.(单数) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 
e.g. More than one student likes the popular song- Fly Freely.
Many a boy and many a girl has been to Beijing. 
⑸ a number of , a good/ great many, quite a few, scores of 加可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动 词用复数； a large amount of, a great deal of 加不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；a lot of,  lots of, a quantity of, plenty of 等后面如果接可数名词复数形式时，谓语用复数形式,          如果接不可数名词时谓语动词用单数形式; amounts of…, masses of…, quantities of…, varieties of 无论后接什么名词，谓语动词都要用复数形式。
注：the number of +n.(pl.)谓语动词用单数形式。
⑹ 分数和百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面名词的形式。 
e.g. One third of the books are worth reading. 20% of the students are absent today. 
⑺ kind/ sort/ type/ form/ series/ species of + n. 作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词的单 复数而不是它们后面的名词。
e.g. This new type of buses is new on show. (但 Buses of this kind are new on show.)
All kinds of difficulties have to be over come. 
㈡ 意义一致原则：指在意义上，主语的单复数形式需要与谓语动词的单复数形式保持一致。有时主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数。
⑴ 主语是 the people, the police, the public, the cattle, the youth 等集体名词，谓语动词用复 数形式。 
e.g. The police are questioning everyone in the house.
⑵ 集体名词army, audience, enemy, family, committee, company, public, couple, group, staff,  crew, team等，若作 “整体” 对待，谓语动词用单数形式，若着眼于其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 
e.g. The couple is talking with their son. The team are cheering for their success. 
⑶ 主语是 “the+ adj.” 表一类人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。如the old, the young, the rich,  the poor, the wounded. 
e.g. the old are taken care of here.
⑷ 表时间、金钱、距离、温度、度量等复数名词作主语时，具有 “整体” 概念，谓语动词 用复数形式。 
e.g. Two years is enough.  A hundred miles is a long distance. 
⑸ 一些由两个相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, scissors 等作 主语时，如主语前有 “一条” “一把” “一双”等量词修饰，则谓语动词用单数形式，如主语前是复数修饰语或没有修饰语，谓语用复数形式。
e.g. This pair of shoes is Tom’s. The shoes are Tom’s. 
⑹ 以 “-ics”和 “-s”结尾的表学科的名词和不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。(news,  pla
stics, wroks等)。 
e.g. Physics is not easy to learn. Plastics is a kind of matter. 
⑺ 两个名词由and 或 both…and…连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式， 但当and 不表并列意义，连接两个在意义上表同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数形式。 
e.g. My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in China. 
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. One more knife and fork is needed. 
War and peace is a long theme in history. 
⑻ 表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等的专有名词作主语，常作为整体看
待，谓语动词用单数形式。 
e.g. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. The United States lies in North America. 
⑼ 表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用，指整个民族，有多数的含义，谓语动词用复数形 式，但表语言时用单数。
e.g. The French are brave.  French is a beautiful language. 
⑽ “a+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，但 “one or two+复数名词” 作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. A day or two has passed. One or two days have passed. 
⑾ 两个主语，一个表肯定，另一个表否定，谓语动词的数与表肯定的主语一致。 
e.g. I, not you, am the right person to do the work.
⑿ 一些以复数形式出现的单复同形名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的单复形式要根据句子的 具体含义来定，常见的这类以复数形式出现的单复同形词有：means(方法，手段), bellows(风箱，减压舱), species(种类), series(系列),works(工厂), barracks(兵营，营房),lazybones(懒骨头), headquarters(司令部),gallows(绞台),links(高尔夫球场).
weigh名词
e.g. One means \Every means has been tried. All means \Such means are unpleasant. 

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