英语语法---名词
(一) 可数名词和不可数名词
1. 什么是不可数n加油名词?
1)物质名词 glass, tea 2n加油)抽象名词 beauty, youth 3) 科n加油学名称 physics, maths
练习:出不可数n加油名词
tear knowledge monen加油y wood chickenn加油 music
homework bread n加油 blood dress n加油 news milk
2.不可数名词n加油变成可数名词
1)词义发生改变
time—times n加油 work---works n加油 wood—woods n加油
sand—sands n加油 cloth—clothes n加油 glass—glasses
2) 加量词 a gln加油ass of water , tn加油wo pieces of paper
练习;填n加油入恰当的量词
a ________________ of good newsn加油 (条) a ________________ of trn加油ousers (条)
a ________________ n加油of advice ( 条) a ____________n加油____ of coffee (杯 )
a ________________n加油 of oil (滴) n加油 a ________________ of tin加油me (段)
a ________________ of matn加油ches (盒) a _________n加油_______ of glasses (副)
a ___n加油_____________ of chocolate (条) a n加油________________ of ink (瓶)
a _n加油_______________ of tean加油 (壶) two ______________ ofn加油 fish (盘)
three ______________ of rin加油ce (袋) four ______________ on加油f furniture (件)
five _________n加油______ of sugar (磅) six ________n加油________ of clothes (套)
n加油3.可数名词的复数构成
A. 规则变化
构成法 | 例词 |
一般情况在词尾n加油加______ | desk------desks picture-n加油----pictures |
以___ ____ n加油____ ____结尾加 ______ | bus------buses bon加油x-----boxes brush------brushn加油es watch------watches |
以辅音+__n加油____结尾,变____为_____加 _________ | n加油baby------babies family-----familiesn加油 country---countrin加油es |
以_____结尾,有生命加______n加油 | tomoto-----tomatoes potato--n加油--potatoes volcano----volcan加油nos |
以 _____结尾,无生命加______ | radio --n加油---radios photo---n加油-photos |
以____或____结尾,变___/__n加油__ 为____, 加 _____ | lin加油fe----lives leaf-----leaves haln加油f---halves为了自己活命,小偷和他的n加油妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半。 |
练习:写出下列名词的复n加油数形式。
1)shoe 2) orange 3) eye n加油 4) month 5) fox 6) match n加油 7) city 8) clasn加油s
9) family 10) country 1n加油1) boy 12) key 13) leaf 14) n加油thief 15)hero 16)pn加油hoto
B. 不规则变化
1. 单复同形 deen加油r sheep fish Chinn加油ese Japanese n加油 means
2. 只有复数形式 people polin加油ce cattle clothes n加油 trousers, glasses
3. 不规则变化
man----n加油 men woman---- women footn加油 ----- feet tooth-----teeth
mn加油ouse ------mice n加油 child-----children n加油 German------Germans
4. 复合名词n加油的复数
1) 将后一部分变成复数 Englishman---Englishmen加油n gentleman-n加油--gentlemen
policewoman----policen加油women grown-up---n加油-grown-ups
2) 将主要成分变成复数 lookn加油er-on----lookers-on son-in-lan加油w----sons-in-law
3) 如n加油果前一词是man, woman,将两部分都变成复数 n加油men doctors womenn加油 singers
练习:roof________ n加油 woman driver________n加油________ step-mother_n加油______________
sheep _____________ Japann加油ese __________________ son加油n-in-law__________________
weigh的名词(二) n加油名词所有格(表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者)
1. 表示n加油有生命的东西的名词,所有格在名词后加’s
thn加油e teacher’s praise the cat’s foon加油d James’ dog n加油 the dogs’ food
2. 表示无生命的东西的名词,用of+名词的结构n加油来表示
the leg of the desk the con加油ver of the magazine
3. 在时间,距离n加油,度量,价值等名词后,可用名词所有格。
two n加油months’ time today’n加油s newspaper fifty pon加油unds’ weight
4. 表示店铺或某人的家时,常在所有格后省去shn加油op, home.
the doctor’sn加油 the tailor’s my uncle’sn加油 the barber’s
5. 名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或指示代词时n加油,用of词组+所有格表示
a friend n加油of John’s that biken加油 of Tom’s
6. 某样东西为两人或多n加油人共有,在后一个名词尾+’s .
Jane and Fren加油d’s mother Jane’s andn加油 Fred’s mother
Tom and Tim’s car n加油 Ton加油m’s and Tim’s car
(三) 名词的用法
名词在句中作主语,n加油宾语,表语,定语等。
1、The storn加油y is very interesting. ( n加油 ) 2、I am drawing a pin加油cture. ( )
3、 My brother is a dn加油octor. ( ) 4、Yon加油ur pencil box is so nice. ( )
(四) 主n加油谓一致
1. 主语是复数,谓语用复数,主语是单数,谓语用单数。
He is a sn加油tudent. We are students.
2. an加油nd 连接两个名词,看有无the.
The profn加油essor and writer is going n加油to give us a lecture of writing.
n加油The professor and the writer an加油re going to our schooln加油.
3. A number of…和The numn加油ber of…后的谓语。
The number of people wn加油as fifty, but a numbn加油er of them were absent for different ren加油asons.
4. 主语+ with/as well as/ but/excen加油pt/besides/including …+主语,谓n加油语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。
A libraryn加油 with five thousand books is offen加油red to the nation as a gift.
All the tn加油eachers as well as thn加油e students (be) invited tn加油o the party.
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