SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)
Directions:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. Y ou are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-5
It was a cold, rainy and wholly miserable afternoon in Washington, and a hot muggy night in Miami. It was Sunday, and three games were played in the two cities. The people playing them and the people watching them tell us much about the ever-changing ethnic structure of the United States.
Professional football in the United States is almost wholly played by native-born American citizens, mostly very large and very strong, many of them black. It is a game of physical strength. Linemen routinely weigh more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weigh and muscles, for how fast they can run, and how hard they can hit each other. Football draws the biggest crowds, but the teams play only once a week, because they get so battered.
The 67,204 fans were in Miami for the final game of the baseball World Series. Baseball was once America’s favorite game, but has lost that claim to basketball.
Baseball is a game that requires strength, but not hugeness. Agility, quickness, perfect vision and quick reaction are more important than pure strength. Baseball was once a purely American game, but has spread around much of the New World. In that Sunday’s final, the final hit of the extra inning game was delivered by a native of Columbia. The Most Valuable Player in the game was a native of Columbia. The rosters of both teams were awash with Hispanic names, as is Miami, which now claims the World Championship is a game that may be losing popularity in America, but has gained it in much of the rest of the world. Baseball in America has taken on a strong Hispanic flavor, with a dash of Japanese added for seasoning.
Soccer, which many countries just call football, is the most widely enjoyed sport in the world. In soccer, which many countries just call football, the ethnic tide has been the reverse of baseball. Until recently, professional soccer in the United States has largely been an import, played by South Americans and Europeans. Now, American citizens in large numbers are finally taking up the most popular game in the world.
Basketball, an American invention increasingly played around the world, these days draws large crowds back home. Likewise, hockey, a game largely imported to the United States from neighboring Canada. Lacrosse, a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived, is also gaining a keen national following.
Sports of all kinds are winning support from American armchair enthusiasts from a variety of ethnic backgrounds.
1. Which of the following can reflect the ever-changing ethnic structure of America?
(A) Sportsman. (B) Audience.
(C) Both of them. (D) Either of them.
2. Who play professional football in the United States?.
(A) Native-born American citizens. (B) Europeans.
(C) South Americans. (D) Both B and C.
3. What is America’s favorite game?
(A) Baseball. (B) Basketball.
(C) Professional football. (D) Soccer.
4. Which of the following statements about soccer is true?
(A) In soccer and basketball, the ethic standards of sportsmen are different.
(B) Up to now, professional soccer teams in America have been importing balls from overseas.
(C) It is the most popular game in the world, now many American citizens start to like it.
(D) In America, the craze for soccer is mostly possessed by new immigrants from South American and European countries.
5. The author of the passage wants to tell us that ____.
(A) Americans like sports and sports reveal much about the changing ethnic structure of the
weigh翻译United States.
(B) In Washington, several games are played in one day.
(C) Americans like all kinds of games.
(D) The American games are watched by native-Americans and played by people from
different countries.
Questions 6-10:
The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into Chapter 11 bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have worsened. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf war, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few terrible years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry's problems are deeper—and older—than the pain of the past two years implies.
As the 100th anniversary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet comme
rcial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world's biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world's biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world's automobile market.
Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments direction who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership make cross-border airline mergers impossible.
In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or
Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London's Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways.
In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option
but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the 911 attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle”. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?
6. According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry ______.
(A) are the effects of various disasters
(B) are actually not fully recognized
(C) are attracting a lot of attention
(D) are not the real cause of airlines’ bankruptcy
7. One of the facts that reflects the primitiveness of airline industry is ______.
(A) its history is much longer than that of car industry
(B) it is composed of international and domestic carriers
(C) its market is divided by many a relatively small carriers
(D) it is still an industry of comparatively low profits
8. What does the author mean by “ Aviation has been incompletely deregulated,”( para.3) ?
(A) Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.
(B) Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.
(C) Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.
(D) Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that ____________________.
(A) free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industry
(B) problems in America are more of a political nature than that in Europe
(C) car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industry
(D) there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved
10. According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry ________________.
(A) is facing a very precious opportunity
(B) will reduce in size due to the present difficult situation
(C) has no way out of the present difficulty
(D) is experiencing fundamental changes
Questions 11-15:
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.
The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The technical talents call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a
large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.
Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former
political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.
Friedman relies on    a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
11. The emergence of the Net has
(A) received support from fans like Donovan.
(B) remolded the intelligence services.
(C) restored many common pastimes.
(D) revived spying as a profession.
12. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to
(A) introduce the topic of online spying.
(B) show how he fought for the U.S.
(C) give an episode of the information war.
(D) honor his unique services to the CIA.
13. The phrase “making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means
(A) causing the biggest trouble.
(B) exerting the greatest effort.
(C) achieving the greatest success.
(D) enjoying the widest popularity.
14. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that
(A) Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
(B) Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
(C) Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.
(D) Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.
15. Straitford is most proud of its
(A) o fficial status. (B) nonconformist image.
(C) efficient staff. (D) military background.
Questions 16-20:
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for
how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if th
e actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It's like surgery,” he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide."
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
16. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that __________.
(A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
(B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
(C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.
(D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
17. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?
(A) Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death
(B) Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery
(C) The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed
(D)    A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions

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