用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词, 动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。
动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(表示运动员的特征)
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(表示“令人….”)
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置) 
注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:
1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如：
昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。
3.The professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
 不正确的表述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:
1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
3.Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room.
女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
 
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.
有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?
 
3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,
disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,
interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。如:
1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。
4)有些-ing形式已经转化成名词,常做定语用来修饰物
The scanning electron micrographs 这些电镜扫描照片

除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done. being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:
1.The tall building being built now is our new school.
正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.
正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。
 
-ing形式做定语专练
1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A.20 dollars remained    B.20 dollars to remain
C.remained 20 dollars    D.remaining 20 dollars.
2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
A.covering    B.covered      C.cover    D.to cover
3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.
A.study;of whom      B.study;of them
C.studying;of them    D.studying;of whom
4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
A.to be discussing    B.to discuss
C.been discussed    D.being discussed
5.China is a _____ country ______ to the third world.
A.developed;belongs    B.developing;belonging
C.developing;belongs    D.developed;belonged
6.---Who is the man ______ to the teacher?
-
--A model worker _____ our school.
A.talks,visits          B.is talking;is visiting
C.talking;visiting      D.talking;visited
7.How many of us ________, say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion?
A.attend  B.attending  C.to attend  D.have attended
8.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell  B.smelling    C.smelt  D.to be smelt
 
答案:D A D D B C B B


一、动词-ed形式作定语
    过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词, 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“已完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆
条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．
      高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
  2. My parents are both retired teachers．   
我的父母都是退休教师。
(1)前置定语
    单个的动词weigh的各种形式-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。                               
The excited people rushed into building.  激动的人们冲进大楼。
Lost time can never be found again．  虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(2)后置定语
  ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
    1. Everything used should be marked．  所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. The books left are for my students．  剩下的书是给我的学生的。
② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
  1. Is there anything planned for tonight?  今晚有什么活动吗?
      (=That has been planned for tonight)
  2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 
    (=which was attended by a lot of people)
1) Most of the artists  __________ to the party were from South Africa.
    A. invited    B. to invite    C. being invited    D. had been invited
2) The first text books ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
    A. having written    B. to be written      C. being written    D. written
3) The Olympic games,_______ in 776 BC,  didn't include women players until 1912.
  A. first playing        B. to be first played  C. first played        D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods _______through a  computer can be lower than prices in stores.
    A. are bought      B. bought      C. been bought      D. buying

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