动词-ing形式（短语）作状语
       动词-ing形式（短语）可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。此外，动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。如：
Hearing someone call his name, David went out to see who it was.
Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like eating anything.
Looking on the bright side of things, you will live happily.
Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.
The song Little Apple is sung all over the country, making it very popular.
The guests sat at the table, chatting and laughing.
★动词-ing形式（短语）的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：
Reading the book alone in his room, Peter nodded from time to time.
Having eaten too much for supper, Tom couldn't go to sleep.
★动词-ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其前面加not。如：
Not being noticed by anyone, she left the room.
★动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。如：
When visiting the Great Wall, they made a side trip to the nearby villages.
Though living near my aunt's house, I seldom see her these days.
★动词-ing形式（短语）的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，可将其逻辑主语放在前面，构成独立主格结构。如：
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the cave.
★动词-ing形式（短语）或独立主格结构作状语时，可转换为相应的状语从句。如：
Hearing the sad story, Emma was moved to tears.
= When she heard the sad story, Emma was moved to tears.
Not having done physical exercise for some time, Tim is not as energetic as before.
= Because he hasn't done physical exercise for some time, Tim is not as energetic as before.
Time permitting, I'd like to see the new film.
= If time permits, I'd like to see the new film.
【即学即练】
I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. _____ (Weighing / To weigh) almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy
alone.
2. Jane fell off the bike, ________ (cut / cutting) her leg.
3. When ________ (visited / visiting) the Great Wall, they made a side trip to the nearby villages.
4. ________ (Heard / Hearing) someone call his name, David went out to see who it was.
5. ________ (Being / To be) ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like eating anything.
6. ________ (Looking / Looked) on the bright side of things, you will live happily.
weigh的各种形式II. 每空填一词（含缩略形式），使每组句子的意思相同或相近。
1. Hearing the sad story, Emma was moved to tears.
________ ________ ________ the sad story, Emma was moved to tears.
2. Not having done physical exercise for some time, Tim is not as energetic as before.
______ ______ ______ ______ physical exercise for some time, Tim is not as energetic as before.
3. Time permitting, I'd like to see the new film.
________ ________ ________, I'd like to see the new film.
答案
I. 1. Weighing      2. cutting      3. visiting 
4. Hearing          5. Being        6. Looking
II. 1. When she heard          2. Because he hasn't done
3. If time permits

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