高考英语单词拼写注意要点汇总
一.单词词尾变化规则注意点
1.以不发音的e结尾的单词接元音字母开头的词尾(-ed -ing -er -est)时,要去掉e后再加词尾。
live 加-ing 变 living love 加-ing 变 loving
take 加-ing 变 taking unite 加 -ed 变 united
safe 加-er 变 safer write 加 -er 变 writer
bake 加-er 变 baker late加-est 变 latest
后缀如以辅音字母开头时,单词末尾字母e可以保留:
Engage----engagement fortunate----fortunately hope----hopeful sincere----sincerely
下列词中的末尾字母e也要去掉:
argue,argument ,judge,judgement/judgment
2 以辅音+y结尾的单词变词尾时,要改y为i 。如:
study 加-es 为studies study 加-ed 为 studied
happy 加-er 为happier early 加-est 为 earliest
hobby 加-es 为hobbies fly 加-ed 为 flied
3.一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单词,当结尾重读时,将单词尾辅音字母双写。就是为了不产生太大的发音变形。比如:
put 加-ing 成putting sad 加-er 成sadder
fit 加-ed 成fitted fit 加-er 成fitter
sit 加-ing 成sitting hit 加-er 成hitter
stop 加-ed 成stopped regret加-ed 成regretted
二.动词词形变换注意点
为了方便记忆,现把高频不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。
1. A---A---A型
1. A---A---A型
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)其他
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got/gotten得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死 / 挂
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got/gotten得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死 / 挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen偷
give gave given 给
free froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen偷
give gave given 给
free froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
show showed shown 展示
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken醒
choose chose chosen 选forget forgot forgotten 忘记
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎,折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken醒
choose chose chosen 选forget forgot forgotten 忘记
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain weigh形容词躺
wear wore worn 穿
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain weigh形容词躺
wear wore worn 穿
三、名词单复数拼写注意要点
1.hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
2.以s, sh, ch, x结尾加es,读/iz/。 例如:bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes
注意:stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)
3.以“f”和“fe”结尾的名词应改“f”和“fe”为“ves”。 thief、wife、life 、shelf、knife、leaf、self、 half、 wolf.
4.不规则名词:foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. Englishman→ Englishmen,German→Germans,ox→oxen,
5.单复数同型Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese,sheep→sheep, deer→deer, aircraft→aircraft, series→series, species→series, means→series
6. 某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena.( um/on→a)analysis
→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.( is→es )
7. 复合名词变复数:grown-up→grown-ups, brother in law→brothers in law
8. 表示总称的名词不可数。这些名词侧重于表示某类事物总的概念,而不是具体的事物。
表示总称的概念(不可数) | 表示该总称概念下的具体事物(常可数) |
clothing服装 | sweaters pants dresses |
food食品 | vegetables meat spaghetti |
furniture家具 | chairs tables beds |
fruit水果 | apples oranges bananas |
luggage行李 | bags suitcases |
homework作业 | compositions, exercises ,reading |
housework家务 | washing dishes cooking |
jewelry首饰 | rings earrings necklaces |
money/cash钱 | nickels dimes dollars |
machinery机器 | machines |
equipment设备工具 | tools |
poetry诗歌 | poems诗 |
scenery风景 | scenes(具体的)风景Scenic spots |
character特点 | characteristics(具体不同的)特点 |
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