（一）动词-ing形式做状语
动词-ing形式在句中可以作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况等.
一，动词-ing形式在时态方面有一般式和完成式之分，在语态方面则有一般式和完成式之分。
一般式：doing(主动式)  being done(被动式)
完成式：having done(主动式)    having been done(被动式)
在使用动词-ing形式时，必须注意以下几点：
1,being done所表示的动作正在进行且表示被动含义，它在句中主要作定语。如：
Eg:The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
2,动词-ing形式的完成式主要作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。主动式表示主动含义，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；被动式表示被动含义，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Eg:1)Having finished his homework, he went out to play with the other children.
  2) Having being kept in prison for so many years, he was not used to the outside world.
二，注意下面固定搭配，他们在句中通常作状语。如：Generally/Frankly/ Roughly speaking一般说来/坦白地说/粗略地说, considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到……, judging by/from. . . 从……来看, 依据……来判断, supposing/suppose that. . . 假定……, providing that. . . 假定……, according to. . . 依据……, including. . . 包括……, owing to. . . 由于……, talking/speaking of谈及……
Eg:1)Judging from his accent, he must be from Canada.
  2)Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?
三，动词-ing形式做状语时，在动词-ing形式与主句之间不能再使用任何连词链接。
Eg: Standing on the hill, and you will see much futher.(误).
Standing on the hill, you will see much futher.(误).
四，使用动词-ing形式做状语时，该动词-ing形式必须同句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，否则就不能使用动词-ing形式，在句中做状语，而要用一个从句或是独立主格结构。
Eg: Being hot, we all went swimming at the seaside.[误]
  As it was hot, we all went swimming at the seaside.【正】
五，动词-ing形式的否定式是在动词-ing形式的前面加not.
  Not having received his reply, I decided to call him again.
【练习】
Ⅰ，用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1，___________ (turn) left at the crossroads, you will see the post office on the right.
2, The news shocked the public,___________(lead) to great concern about food safety in our country.
3, When ____________(hear) the good news that they would meet Yao Ming, all the students became excided.
4, A large number of people stood at the entrance of the stadium,___________(wait) for the football match to begin.
5, _____________(not know) how to solve the maths questions, Susan had to turn her deskmate for help.
6, _____________(compare) my answer with his to the question, I feel his is better.
7, The boy ran out of the room, _____________(shout) loudly.
8, _____________(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead.
9, _____________(look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
10, The lady walked around the shops,__________(keep) an eye out for bargains.
11, _____________(tell) many times, he finally remembered it.
12, She was in the sitting room__________(watch) TV.
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing 形式完成下列句子。
1, _________________________(穿过) the park, we saw a fine flower show.(walk)
2, _______________________________(重达近50公斤)，the stone was moved by him.(weigh)
3, she worked late into the night,_________________________(准备一份演讲稿) for the president.(prepare)
4, ________________________(和……一起生活) the man for three years, we all know him very well.(live).
5, _________________________(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(know).
6, Don’t sit there _________________________(什么都不要). Come and give me a hand.(
do)
7, We all went for a picnic,________________________(留下他一个人)at home.(leave)
8, _____________________________(已经遭受) serious pollution, it may be too late to clean up the river.(suffer)
Ⅲ,下列各句均有一处错误，出这个错误并将其改正。
1, Seeing the film before, he decided to stay at home to night.       
_________________
2, Having knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital.   
weigh的用法
_________________
3, Having not done the experiment right, I tried again and succeeded. 
_________________
4, Being led by the old villager, we had no trouble finding that cave.   
_________________
5, Having finished the homework, and he went on to help his mother. 
_________________
Answers:
Ⅰ,1Turning, 2leading, 3hearing, 4waiting, 5Not knowing, 6Comparing, 7shouting, 8Having failed, 9Looking, 10keeping, 11Having been told, 12watching
Ⅱ, 1Walking through, 2Weighing almost 50 kilograms, 3preparing a speech, 4having lived with, 5Not knowing, 6doing nothing, 7leaving him alone, 8Having suffered from
Ⅲ, 1seeing→Having seen， 2Having后加been, 3Having not→Not having, 4Being led→Led, 5去掉and
（二）动词-ing形式做主语和宾语
一，动词-ing形式做主语表示一般性和重复性的动作。
Eg: 1Walking on the moon is more difficult than on the earth.
  (在月球上行走比在地球上困难)

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