Unit 6  Earth first
Period 2  Using language 知识点梳理
单元语法精讲精练－­ing形式和­ed形式作宾语补足语
I.语法感知
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.
2．It made people frightened of sharks，especially of the great white shark.
3．People just wanted them killed.
1．上面例句1中swimming是现在分词作宾语补足语，与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
2．上面例句2中frightened是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语的状态。
3．上面例句3中killed是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
II.语法精析
一、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语
动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到小男孩在那儿哭。
2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
二、动词­ed形式作宾语补足语
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“让别人做某事”，不过“have＋宾语＋过去分词”还有“遭遇到某种不幸”之意。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses pletely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放即将做好的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
三、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)
2．使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较
make＋宾语＋
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。
have＋宾语＋
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
get＋宾语＋
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的  。
keep＋宾语＋
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
3．with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with＋
WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly；whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。
With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With a lot of work to do，she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.weight的所有形式
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。

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