第一单元
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死
She s starving herself trying to lose weight.
她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。
常用结构：
starve for渴望得到……
starve to death  饿死
be starved of极需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心
believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb.  对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief  难以置信
in the belief that ... 相信……
It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。
3. gain
n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润
vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快
He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.
The company has made notable gains in productivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 
earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。
4. award
vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定
n.奖，奖品；奖金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
He got the highest award in the contest.
award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。
admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物
admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者weight的所有形式
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩
have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人
in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。
I admire him for his success in business.
Aren‘t you going to admire my new house?
联想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
demand answer of sb.要求某人答复
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
6. remind
vt. 提醒；使想起
常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
7. permission n. \[U\]许可，允许
permit vt. 准许，许可，允许 n. 许可(证）；执照
常用结构：
with/without (one s) permission 得到允许/未经允许
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
have one s permission 得到某人的同意
8. clothing  n. (总称)衣服，服装\[U\]
Check your belongings and make sure you don t leave your articles of clothing behind.
Food, clothing and shelter are everyone‘s priorities.
易错辨析
clothing/clothes/cloth
clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；
clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The              industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.
②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more            .
③How much        does it take to make a blouse for a girl?
答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth
9. take place发生；举行
In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
联想拓展
take one s place=take the place of ...代替……
take the first place 获得第一名
in place of 代替
take place/happen/break out/occur
take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
10. in memory of=to the memory of 纪念；追念
Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
联想拓展
in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌颂；称赞
in favour of 赞同, 支持   
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要；缺少
in search of 寻
in possession of 拥有
11. dress up
dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!
They dress up for the occasion.
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy dress ball.

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