Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)
第一课 基础知识点
一、★ 必记单词
golden adj. 金的;金的 Olympics n. [pl.]奥运会
agreement n. 同意;weight的所有形式应允 pot n. 罐
doubt v. 不能肯定;对……没把握 real adj. 真的;正宗的
truth n. 真相;实情 seem v. 好像;似乎
solve v. 解决;处理 fill v. 装满;注满
bowl n. 碗;盆 brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
metal n. 金属 certain adj. 确定的;肯定的
prison n. 监狱;牢狱 hit v. (hit,hit)(用手或器具)击;打
correct adj. 准确无误的;正确的 mistake n. 错误
less det.(与不可数名词连用)较少的;更少的
二、★ 常考短语
in ancient Greece 在古希腊
(be) happy with (对某人或事物)满意的 = be pleased/satisfied with
fill…with… 用……把……装满 think about = consider 考虑;思考
be filled with=be full of 充满;装满 run over 溢出
go straight to “直奔,直接去……” each other 互相;彼此
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 one…the other… 一个…另一个…
send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱 tell the truth 说实话
make sure 确保;设法保证 something else 别的东西
both…and… ……和……都…… pay attention to (to为介词)
leave sb alone 不打扰某人;不惊动某人 (leave me alone)
not…any longer=no longer send sth to sb-=send 把某物寄/送给某人
be made of +看得见的原材料 由……制成 cut ……up 切割开;切碎
be made from +看不见的原材料 由……制成 take……off 领走;带走;使……离开
be made by + sb. 被某人制成 at the beginning of 在……的开头
三、常用句型:
…as one can 尽可能,相当于as……as possible
sb. in/on +the +身体部位,打某人的某个部位(身体部位较硬或凸起,用on;部位较软或下凹,用in)
of the+adj最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一
to do sth.试图做某事,尽力做某事 is believed that ……
6. be (not)allowed to do sth (不)被允许做某事
……to do sth 让/使……做某事 to do sth 开始做某事
四、辨析
1.辨析:win与beat
Win(won,won) | 及物动词 | 宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等名词 | He won the argument. |
不及物动词 | 意为“获胜” | Who wonhe won. | |
Beat(beat,beaten) | 及物动词 | 意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象 | China beat the United States by two to one. |
不及物动词 | 意为“(风雨)等拍打;(心脏)跳动” | I felt my heart beating faster. | |
2.辨析:else与other
else | 副词 | 用于不定代词(anything,something,nothing等)、疑问词(what,who,where)后 |
other | 形容词或代词 | 做形容词时,放在名词前作定语;作代词时,常与定冠词the连用,构成one…the other,表示(两者中)一个……另外一个 |
Eg:who else will go with us Where are the other students
I have two pens,one is red,and the other is blue.
3.辨析:discover与invent
这两个词都用作及物动词,都指人们首先见到新鲜事物,但含义不同。
discover | 发现 | 指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西 |
invent | 发明 | 指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西 |
Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。
Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
4.辨析:at first与first of all
at first | 起初;当初 | 相当于at the beginning,与后来发生的事相对照,其反义词组为at last(最后,终于) |
first of all | 首先,第一 | 相当于first,表示顺序,是时间上或一系列行动的开始,后面往往接next,then等 |
At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.
起初我不想去,可是不久我改变了主意。
First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.
首先,打开窗子,然后关掉煤气,如果需要,叫一辆救护车。
5.辨析:however与but
二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其区别如下:
however | 然而;不过 | 比较正式,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;其前面或后面要用逗号隔开,如在句中,其前后都要加逗号。 |
but | 但是 | 转折的意味比however要强,从语序上看,but总是置于引出的分句之首。 |
It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field.
雨下得很大,然而他们仍然在地里干活。
I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.
我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我现在必须整理花园。
6.辨析:real与true
real | 强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的,即某物外表与实质之间有一致性 | Christmas Father isn't a real person. 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。 |
true | 强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰、捏造的,符合一定标准、一定模式 | Is it true that he is dead 他死了,是真的吗 |
7..辨析:be made of与 be made from
be made of | 看得出原材料 | The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的 |
be made from | 看不出原材料 | The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 |
【中考﹒链接】
Books are made paper while paper is mainly made_____ wood.
A. of;of B. from;from C. of;from D. from;of
8.辨析:not……any longer/no longer 与 not …any more/no more
not……any longer/no longer:多指时间上不再延续,与之搭配的词多为延续性动词。
not …any more/no more 侧重程度或在数量上不再增加
I don’t want to stay here any more.
The poor boy won’t come any more./the poor boy will no more come.
9.辨析:see sb doing sth与see sb do sth
see sb doing sth | 看到某人正在做某事 | I saw her cross the road.(穿过了马路) |
see sb do sth | 看到某人做了某事,指看到动作发生的全过程或看到动作经常发生 | I saw her crossing the road(正在过马路) |
与此相同的词(组):watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,listen to
10.辨析:the next day与next day
the next day | 第二天,常与一般过去式连用 | The next day,all the books were sold out. |
next day | 明天,常与一般将来时连用 | Next day,I will go shopping with him. |
11. 辨析:dress,wear,put on,have on 与in
dress | 给(某人)穿衣服 | 表动作 | 后接sb./oneself作宾语she dressed himself quickly. |
wear | 穿着 | 表状态 | 后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词we wear uniforms at school. |
put on | 穿上 | 表动作 | 后接衣服,鞋帽等名词please put on your hat. |
have on | 穿着 | 表状态 | 接衣服类名词,宾语是代词时,放中间,不用进行时I have on a pair of jeans today. |
in | 穿着 | 表状态 | 后接表颜或衣服的名词he’s always in green shoes. |
助记:穿戴动作put on,状态wear已穿上;dress接人作宾语,in 后颜或衣裳
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