《英语(一)》第一章辅导与测试(8)
第八节前后呼应
1.主谓一致的基本原则:
主谓一致有以下三条原则:
1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
The students are very young.
This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。
The prople in that country are fighting for independence.weight什么时候用复数
The crowd deeply respect their leader.
Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数和复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如:
Neither he nor I an going to see the film tonight because we are busy.
2.主谓一致的用法
根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有以下用法:
1)下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式
a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
Two hundred miles is a long distance.
Ten dollars is a high price for that book.
b.由anyone,anything,anybody,no once,nothing,everyone,everybody
,everything,someone,somebody,each,either,neither Someone is knocking at
the door.
Anything is better than going to the movie tonight.
c.由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如:
A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.
d.由“many a, more than one+单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例
如:
Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.
There is more than one answer to your question.
e.“名词+and +名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.(这个人既是作家又是教育家)
f.“either(neither)+of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
If either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.
Neither of them wants to come.
g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构
之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Each man and each woman has the right to vote.
h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
What I want to say is none of your business.
Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.
i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics (政治学),mathematics
(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Mathematics is what he majors in.
2)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of 后的名词。

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