语法专题提升
专题三不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词
第六讲冠词、代词和介词(短语)
高考真题练悟
单句语法填空
1．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.To celebrate ________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.[2022·全国乙卷]
2．________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.[2022·全国甲卷]
3．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.[2022·全国乙卷]
4．Since people can't always eat out or cook for ________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.[2022·北京卷]
[感悟]语法填空三谨记
1．判断特指还是泛指
(1)若空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；
(2)若发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；
(3)看看是否是固定搭配典例。
2．分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。
3．分析句子结构，发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时，应考虑用相应的代词。代词分为有提示词、无提示词代词两种形式。
考点多维突破
一、冠词
考点一不定冠词的3种基本用法及2种灵活用法
3种基本用法
1．表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. 人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会站起来并像个男子汉一样去奋斗。
2．表示泛指，说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky.
那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
3．表示量指，不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
Rome was not built in a day．
罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
2种灵活用法
①表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。
A Mr Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来你了。
②“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很……”。
He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
考点二定冠词的5种基本用法
1.特指某人或某事。
Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. 昨天约翰的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。这辆自行车花了他200元。
2．用在含有普通名词的专有名词前，或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only, very, same等之前。
Could you give me some advice on the best way to solve the problem?
你能就解决这个问题的最好办法给我一些建议吗？
4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the week, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。
—It's said John will get a job paying over $60，000 a year.
——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。
—Right, he will also get paid by the week．
——是的，而且会按周付薪。
5．某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。
The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。
考点三冠词在短语中的习惯用法
1.含不定冠词的固定搭配
have a knowledge/an understanding of了解
have a good view of 饱览
in a hurry 匆忙地
as a result 因此
as a rule 通常
as a whole 总体上
as a matter of fact 事实上weight的用法及短语
2．含定冠词的固定搭配
make the most/best of 充分利用
in the end 最后
by the way 顺便说一下
in the distance 在远处
in the way 挡道
on the whole 总的来说
3．含零冠词的固定搭配
at present 目前
take part in 参加
in peace 平静
by chance/accident 碰巧
on purpose 故意
on second thoughts 再三考虑
ahead of time 提前
in advance 提前4．常用的固定词组辨析
{at table就餐at the table    在桌子旁
{in hospital住院in the hospital    在医院
{in front of在……的前面(外部) in the front of    在……的前面(内部)
考点四零冠词的3种基本用法
1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。
2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
Dr Peter Spence，headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to further study at Oxford or Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们：“这儿五分之一的学生将继续到牛津大学或剑桥大学深造。”
3．表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes ________ essential activity in this festival.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]
2．These 24 solar terms were soon absorbed into The Taichu calendar, the first well documented calendar in ________ history of China.[2023·安庆市高三模拟]
3．That led to ________ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.[2023·烟台市考前热身]
4．After 82 days, cycling ________ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.[2023·武汉市模拟]
5．In ________ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five continents.[2023·江苏省连云
港市模拟二]
6．Deng joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training as ________ pilot at a flight college in Hebei province.[2023·高三年级苏州八校三模]
二、代词
考点一人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格。
2．两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序：二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, he and I are in different classes.
Mr Wang asked Li Ming and me to help him.
②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。
He and she were sitting face to face.
3．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。
The author can report other people's results which more or less agree with hers．

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。