if用法
一、if 引导条件状语从句
1、表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
If you have finished the homework, you can go home.
如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。
2、表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如:
If I were you, I would invite him to the party.---->不能用was
如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
要不是交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些。
3、表示的是事实,可用 when 替代 if
Oil floats if you your pour it on water.
如果你把油倒在水上,它就会浮起来。
You must see the doctor if you are ill.
如果你病了,你必须去看医生。
4、if 条件句的时态搭配
A、if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时
If he runs, he’ll get there in time.
如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿。
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。
B、if 从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/can
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.
如果雾在大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。
If it stops snowing, we can go out.
如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。
C、if 从句用一般现在时,主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread.
如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。
D、if 从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时(客观真理)
If you heat ice, it turns to water. ---->也可用 will turn
如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。
E、if 从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时
If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs.
如果你是在彼得,上楼就会到他。
F、if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时
If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账
5、位置
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首,从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。
6、总结
if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;
条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;
条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。
7、if 有时可省略,然后将主语与所用的限定动词(尤其是were,had,should)倒置。例如:Should it (= if it should) be necessary, I will go.
倘若有必要,我会去的。
Were I (= if I were) in your place, I would do the same.
如果我在你的位置,我也会这样做。
Had I (= if I had) known earlier, I would come.
如果我早一点知道,我就会来。
二、if 引导宾语从句,常用于ask、know、find out、wonder等之后,和 whether 意思相同。例如:
weight的用法搭配Lily asked if/whether she liked it.
莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
She asked if/whether they had a cotton one.
她问是否他们有一件棉织的。
三、if 引导让步状语从句,这时 if 当作“即使是”,“虽说”解。例如:
If she's poor, at least she's honest.
虽说她很穷,但至少她还是诚实的。
If I am wrong, you are wrong, too.
即使说我错了,那么你也不对。
I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.
虽然会花费我一下午的时间,我还是要做这事。
四、if 引导时间状语从句,当 if 做“当”或“无论何时”解而不含有条件之义时,if 从句中的时态与主句中的时态相同。例如:
If you mix yellow and blue, you get green.
你将黄与蓝混合,便会得到绿。
If she wants the servant, she rings the bell.
每当她需要仆人时,她便按铃。
五、if 后接否定动词,用于感叹句中,表示沮丧、惊奇等。例如:
Well, if I haven't left my false teeth at home!
真倒霉,我把假牙丢在家里了!
And if he didn't try to knock me down!
且他试着将我推到!
六、与 will 或 would 连用,表示客气地请
If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.
请稍坐,我这就告诉经理说您来了。
If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible.
麻烦您留下姓名,我们会尽快与您联系的。
七、if 与 as 连用,意为“仿佛,好像”,同样引导从句。例如:
It sounds as if you have grown apart from Tom.
听起来好像你和汤姆之间产生了隔阂。
The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put together over the years.整个房间看起来好像是经过了多年的精心布置。
It seemed as if she'd been gone forever.
好像她已经永远地离开了。
He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun.
他把两根手指指向他的头,仿佛他正举着一支。
As if I would allow it!
好像我会允许的似的!
八、if 与 only 连用
A、if only    常表示愿望或一个未实现的条件,尤其用于感叹句中。例如:
If only he arrives in time!
他若能及时到达就好了!
If only she would marry me!
但愿她能嫁给我!
If only she had known about it!---->But she didn’t know.
她要是知道就好了!
B、only if    意为“只有”,用倒装,例如:
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.
只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。
九、名词
There are still a lot of ifs and buts before everything's settled.
在一切得以解决之前还有很多不定因素。

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