第四课时 形容词和副词
形容词和副词是中考的必考点,主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。考查重点主要分布在:
①形容词和副词的转换 ②常见形容词固定搭配
③形容词和副词的比较等级 ④同源副词的词义辨析
考点1 | 形容词、副词的句法功能及相互转换 |
1.形容词、副词的句法功能
2.名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀
后缀 | 例词 |
-able | comfort→comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 forget→forgettable易被忘记的 |
-al | music→musical音乐的 person→personal个人的 nature→natural自然的 |
-ful | doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 care→careful仔细的 |
-ed | frighten→frightened害怕的 |
-ing | surprise→surprising令人吃惊的 |
-ible | terror→terrible可怕的 |
-ive | act→active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective有效的;生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 |
-ous | humour→humorous幽默的 danger→dangerous危险的 |
-y | health→healthy健康的 wind→windy多风的 rain→rainy多雨的 |
-ern | east→eastern东方的; 向东的 west→western西方的 |
-ish | fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self→selfish自私的 |
【名师指津】 以-ed 结尾的形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,通常修饰人; 以-ing结尾的形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令……的”,通常修饰物或事。
3.形容词转化为副词
He made a very interesting speech last week.他上周做了一次非常有趣的演讲。
Listen to me carefully, please.请认真听我说。
1.My grandparents live (peace) in the countryside and they like the life there.
2.At present, smart mobile phones are (wide) used in our daily lives.
3.Douyin, which is (sudden) everywhere on the Internet, is making its way into our lives.
4.It’s (high) possible that humans have to move to Mars in the future.
5.Once a week my business suit is (smooth) ironed.
考点2 | 形容词、副词的比较等级 |
一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化
1.规则变化
词形分类及 变化方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |
单音节词 和少数双 音节词 | 一般加-er或-est | tall | taller | tallest |
以e结尾的,只加-r或-st | nice | nicer | nicest | |
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est | big hot fat | bigger hotter fatter | biggest hottest fattest | |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i再加-er或-est | happy easy | happier easier | happiest easiest | |
其他双音 节词和多 音节词 | 在前面加 more或most | difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
2.不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
bad (badly)/ill | worse | worst |
many/much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
1.平级比较
(1)“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较。
The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine.这本书不是你想象的那么难。
(2)as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as表同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
I watched him become as tender and caring a father as he was a son.我看着他从一个温柔、体贴的儿子成长为一个同样温柔、体贴的父亲。
2.比较级
(1)比较级的常见结构
①比较级+than:表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
She doesn’t work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。
②more/fewer/less+名词+than:比……多/少
I have more new books than my cousin.我的新书比我表弟的新书多。
【名师指津】 比较级的修饰语有:rather, much,still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot,a bit, a little, a great deal等。
He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。
(2)比较级的特殊结构
①The+比较级...,the +比较级...表示“越……,就越……”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,你犯的错误就会越少。
②“比较级+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”
Our city becomes more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。
3.最高级
(1)表达最高级意义的常见结构
主语+谓语+the +最高级+表示范围的状语(of the students, in the class等)。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个苹果中最大的一个。
(2)表达最高级意义的特殊结构(比较级形式表示最高级意义)
①a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
I have never read a better book than this.这是我读过的最好的一本书。
②否定词+比较级=最高级
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.不。再糟糕不过了。
③
Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
=Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
=Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.
=Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
Julia是她班上最高的女生。
Ⅰ.单项选择
1Jogging is than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.
A.cheap B.cheaper
C.cheapest D.the cheapest
2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me.
—That may be true. But I’m than last year.
A.much heavier B.heavy enough
C.much lighter D.light enough
3.—What is the world’s mountain?
—Mount Qomolangma.
A.lower B.lowest
C.higher D.highest
4.—Is Larry as as Oliver?
—No, he isn’t. Larry is shorter.
A.taller B.tall C.the tallest
5.—I don’t really like big cities.
—Neither do I. I feel much in the countryside.
A.free B.freer
C.freest D.the freest
考点3 | 倍数表达法 |
表示倍数的句型: (1)A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B (2)A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B |
题组训练 根据汉语提示完成句子
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