形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
多数的形容词和部分的副词可以分为原级、比较级和最高级三个等级来表示和区分程度的不同。
1.形容词和副词等级的构成
由原级到比较级,到最高级的变化有两种方法:规则变化和不规则变化。
(1)规则变化
单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
long longer longest
short shorter shortest
clever cleverer cleverest
fast faster fastest
hard harder hardest
以e结尾的形容词和副词,只加r构成比较级,加-st构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
多数的形容词和部分的副词可以分为原级、比较级和最高级三个等级来表示和区分程度的不同。
1.形容词和副词等级的构成
由原级到比较级,到最高级的变化有两种方法:规则变化和不规则变化。
(1)规则变化
单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
long longer longest
short shorter shortest
clever cleverer cleverest
fast faster fastest
hard harder hardest
以e结尾的形容词和副词,只加r构成比较级,加-st构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
nice nicer nicest
late later latest
fine finer finest
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,要双写这个辅音字母再加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最 高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest
以辅音加 y 结尾的,改 y 为 I 再加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
lazy lazier laziest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在词的前面加 more 和 the most(副词最高级可不加 the)。
late later latest
fine finer finest
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,要双写这个辅音字母再加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最 高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
hot hotter hottest
fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest
以辅音加 y 结尾的,改 y 为 I 再加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
lazy lazier laziest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在词的前面加 more 和 the most(副词最高级可不加 the)。
原级 比较级 最高级
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
delicious more delicious the most delicious
quickly more quickly most quickly
carefully more carefully most carefully
often more often most often
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(well) better best
bad(badly,ill) worse worst
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
delicious more delicious the most delicious
quickly more quickly most quickly
carefully more carefully most carefully
often more often most often
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(well) better best
bad(badly,ill) worse worst
many(much) more most
little less least
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
2.形容词与副词原级的用法
(1)表示两者相同,用“as+原级+as”:
little less least
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
2.形容词与副词原级的用法
(1)表示两者相同,用“as+原级+as”:
You are as tall as I.
你跟我一样高。
He runs as quickly as a deer.
他跑得像一只鹿一样快。
(2)表示前者不如后者,用“not as+原级+as”或“not so+原级+as”。
He is not as serious at his study as he was before.
他对学习不像以前那么认真了。
She is not so honest as she used to be.
她不像以往那么诚实了。
You don't speak English as fluently as your sister.
你说英语不如你的流利。
He doesn't run so fast as a car.
他不如汽车跑得快。
(3)表示前者与后者一样:“as+原级+a(an)+名词(可数)+as”或“as+原级+名词(不可数)+as”。
Tom is as good a player as his brother.
你跟我一样高。
He runs as quickly as a deer.
他跑得像一只鹿一样快。
(2)表示前者不如后者,用“not as+原级+as”或“not so+原级+as”。
He is not as serious at his study as he was before.
他对学习不像以前那么认真了。
She is not so honest as she used to be.
她不像以往那么诚实了。
You don't speak English as fluently as your sister.
你说英语不如你的流利。
He doesn't run so fast as a car.
他不如汽车跑得快。
(3)表示前者与后者一样:“as+原级+a(an)+名词(可数)+as”或“as+原级+名词(不可数)+as”。
Tom is as good a player as his brother.
汤姆像他的哥哥一样是个出的运动员。
This is as hot a dish as the other.
这道菜和那道菜一样辣。
We have as much homework as (we had) yesterday.
我们的作业(今天)与昨天一样多。
She asked the teacher as many questions as she could in class.
课上她向老师提问尽可能多的问题。
同级比较歌
同级比较用原级,as…as 永不离。若是否定加not,as…as加 not,只说两者有区别,so…as加 not,后者总是强前者.
3.形容词与副词比较级的用法
(1)两者进行比较,用比较级:比较级+than
You are two years older than I.
你比我大两岁。
The city Beijing has a larger population than any other cities in the north of China.
This is as hot a dish as the other.
这道菜和那道菜一样辣。
We have as much homework as (we had) yesterday.
我们的作业(今天)与昨天一样多。
She asked the teacher as many questions as she could in class.
课上她向老师提问尽可能多的问题。
同级比较歌
同级比较用原级,as…as 永不离。若是否定加not,as…as加 not,只说两者有区别,so…as加 not,后者总是强前者.
3.形容词与副词比较级的用法
(1)两者进行比较,用比较级:比较级+than
You are two years older than I.
你比我大两岁。
The city Beijing has a larger population than any other cities in the north of China.
北京的人口比中国北方任何其他的城市都多。
(2)表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”。
weight的最高级The wind is blowing harder and harder.
风刮得越来越大。
He stayed there and felt more and more hungry.
他呆在那里觉得越来越饿。
(3)“the+比较级……,the+比较级”表示“越是……就越……”。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The higher he climbs, the colder he feels.
他越往高处爬,越觉得寒冷。
The more you read, the wiser you are.
你读书越多,就越聪慧。
(4)修饰语
在比较级的前面经常使用much, still, even, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit等 词,以加强比较
(2)表示“越来越……”,用“比较级+and+比较级”。
weight的最高级The wind is blowing harder and harder.
风刮得越来越大。
He stayed there and felt more and more hungry.
他呆在那里觉得越来越饿。
(3)“the+比较级……,the+比较级”表示“越是……就越……”。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The higher he climbs, the colder he feels.
他越往高处爬,越觉得寒冷。
The more you read, the wiser you are.
你读书越多,就越聪慧。
(4)修饰语
在比较级的前面经常使用much, still, even, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit等 词,以加强比较
的程度和语气,使意思更加明确。
He is much stronger than his father.
他比他爸爸强壮得多。
Why don't you do it a little earlier?
你何不早一点做这件事?
4.形容词与副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上进行比较,用最高级。形容词最高级前必须加 the;副词的最高级不用加 the。其后可带 of 或 in 等短语(表明比较的范围)。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
English is one of the most important subjects in middle school.
英语是中学最重要的科目之一。
Susan works hardest in our class.
苏姗是我们班里最用功的学生。
Li Hong ran fastest of the players in the team.
He is much stronger than his father.
他比他爸爸强壮得多。
Why don't you do it a little earlier?
你何不早一点做这件事?
4.形容词与副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上进行比较,用最高级。形容词最高级前必须加 the;副词的最高级不用加 the。其后可带 of 或 in 等短语(表明比较的范围)。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流。
English is one of the most important subjects in middle school.
英语是中学最重要的科目之一。
Susan works hardest in our class.
苏姗是我们班里最用功的学生。
Li Hong ran fastest of the players in the team.
李红是队里的运动员中跑得最快的。
注意:一些比较级句型也可以表示最高级。
None of us is taller than him.
我们之中没人比他高。(=He is the tallest of us.)
Nothing is more important than this.
没有比这件事更重要的了。
(=This is the most important thing of all.)
5.几种特殊用法
(1)表示倍数:倍数+as+原级+as
Our school is twice as big as yours.
我们学校比你们学校大一倍。
This pair of shoes cost three times as much as that one.
这双鞋花费了相当于那双三倍的钱。
(2)表示差数:数词+名词+比较级+than
You are two kilos heavier than I.
注意:一些比较级句型也可以表示最高级。
None of us is taller than him.
我们之中没人比他高。(=He is the tallest of us.)
Nothing is more important than this.
没有比这件事更重要的了。
(=This is the most important thing of all.)
5.几种特殊用法
(1)表示倍数:倍数+as+原级+as
Our school is twice as big as yours.
我们学校比你们学校大一倍。
This pair of shoes cost three times as much as that one.
这双鞋花费了相当于那双三倍的钱。
(2)表示差数:数词+名词+比较级+than
You are two kilos heavier than I.
你比我重2公斤。
This computer is three hundred yuan cheaper than yours.
这台电脑比你的便宜了300元。
(3)表示“相同”:the same+名词+as
This coat is the same size as that one.
这件大衣与那件尺寸一样。
We have the same weight.
你与我的体重一样。
You are the same age as I.
你与我年龄相同。
(4)表示不如:less+原级+than
She jumps less high than Susan.
她跳得不如苏姗高。
She looks less beautiful than she used to.
她看上去不如以前漂亮了。
This computer is three hundred yuan cheaper than yours.
这台电脑比你的便宜了300元。
(3)表示“相同”:the same+名词+as
This coat is the same size as that one.
这件大衣与那件尺寸一样。
We have the same weight.
你与我的体重一样。
You are the same age as I.
你与我年龄相同。
(4)表示不如:less+原级+than
She jumps less high than Susan.
她跳得不如苏姗高。
She looks less beautiful than she used to.
她看上去不如以前漂亮了。
(5)表示比喻 : as +形容词 + as B
as bysy as bee as cold as ice
忙如蜜蜂 冷如水
as blind as bat as free as air
盲如蝙蝠 自由如空气
as bright as day as cool as cucumber
as bysy as bee as cold as ice
忙如蜜蜂 冷如水
as blind as bat as free as air
盲如蝙蝠 自由如空气
as bright as day as cool as cucumber
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