中考英语语法考点纵览 3——形容词和副词
1、形容词、副词概述
1、形容词定义： 形容词(adjective)，简称adj， 用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
2、副词定义 ： 副词(adverb)，简称adv，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。
二、形容词、副词考点纵览
考点一： 形容词的功能及位置 | 考点1：形容词作定语。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。 He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。 There is nothing important in today’s news. 今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。 典型例题 1 It is a kind of ________ (health) food. 答案： healthy（health的形容词是healthy，这里用形容词修饰名词food。） 典型例题 2 Do you know ________ in this field? A. anybody famous B. famous anybody C. somebody famous D. famous somebody 答案：A（一般疑问句用anybody，而且形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要后置。） 典型例题 3 We all like Julia, because she is a ________ girl. A. alike B. lovely C. awake D. well 答案：B（a lovely girl表示“一个可爱的女孩”） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点2：形容词作表语。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
形容词作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。 Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。 After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路后我累了。 表语形容词只能做表语或后置定语，这类词多半是以a-开头的形容词。 alone 单独的 asleep 熟睡的 awake 醒着的 alike 相似的 afraid 害怕的 alive 活着的 She was alone at home. 她独自一人在家。 I was awake all night. 我整个晚上都没合眼。 The girl awake is his younger sister. 那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。 典型例题 1 ---What do you think of the cake? ---It tastes ________. A. good B. badly C. well D. terribly 答案：A（taste是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，三个选项只有good是形容词） 典型例题 2 The________ girl was smiling. She looked very _______. A. asleep, happy B. slept, sad C. sleeping, happy D. sleep, angrily 答案：C（这里表示“熟睡的女孩正在笑，她看起来非常开心”） 典型例题 3 We should keep ______ in the reading room. A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. quickly 答案：C（keep quiet表示“保持安静”） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点3：形容词作宾语补足语。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。 He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。 People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。 典型例题 1 It is good to leave the door ______ when it is very cold. A. open B. opened C. close D. closed 答案：D（close的形容词是closed，这里表示“最好让门处于关着的状态”） 典型例题 2 We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very ______. A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested 答案：C（interesting表示历史课有趣，与物连用用interesting，与人连用用interested） 典型例题 3 I found the door _______ when I got home. A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 答案：D（open的形容词还是open，这里用来作宾语补足语） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点4：形容词的名词化。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
“the+形容词”具有名词特征，表示一类人或事物。如the old (dead, rich, poor, sick, beautiful, ) 当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The blind are taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。 当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。 The beautiful is not always the useful. 美丽的并不总是有用的。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点5：形容词的先后顺序。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。
典型例题 1 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ____ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 答案：B（按照“大小+颜+国际”的顺序） 典型例题 2 There are dinner tables on display in the hall. A. two big round new Chinese wooden B. two Chinese big round new wooden C. big round new Chinese two wooden D. big round new two wooden Chinese 答案：A （按照“限定词+大小+形状+新老+国际+材料”的顺序） 典型例题 3 Mr. Brown has car. A. a beautiful new American B. a new American beautiful C. a new beautiful American D. an American beautiful new 答案：A（按照“限定词+描绘+新旧+国际”的顺序） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点二： 副词的功能及位置 | 考点1：副词的分类及位置。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
位置： 1.一般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。 2.频率副词放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 3.某些逻辑连接副词，为了强调上下句衔接，放在句子前。 4.enough 修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。 典型例句 They are laughing happily. 他们在高兴地大笑。 She is never late for school. 她上学从不迟到。 We often go out for a walk after supper. 晚饭后我们常常去散步。 He got up early enough to catch the bus. 他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点三： 形容词副词 比较级、最高级 | 考点1：形容词、副词比较级的变化规则。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
（1） 规则变化
(2)不规则变化weight的最高级
典型例题 1 I wish you do talking and some more work. Actions speak louder than words. A. less B. much C. more D. little 答案：A（这里表示“说的少、做的多”，所以用less来修饰talk） 典型例题 2 There are people in China than in India. That means the population of China is than that of India. A. much; smaller B. more; large C. bigger; more D. more; larger 答案：D（这两空都用比较级more和larger，因为后面都有than） 典型例题 3 We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, they still need (many). 答案：more（根据句意，表示“还需要更多的书”，所以用比较级more） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点2：形容词、副词原级用法。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
表示二者在性质和程度上相同时，用“as + adj./adv.原级 + as”结构。 He runs as fast as you. 他跑的和你一样快。 Nothing can be so simple as this. 再没有比这更简单的了。 表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“not as/so + adj./adv.原级 + as”或“less + adj./adv.原级 + than”结构。 This picture is not so good as that one.这幅画没有那幅画好。 He doesn’t write as carefully as his sister. 他写字不如她妹妹细心。 表示“A是B的…倍”时，用“A + is + 倍数 + as + adj./adv.原级 + as +B”结构。（一半half；两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times）。 Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校两倍大。 典型例题 1 He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ________ a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 答案：C（这里用not so fluently as表示“没有当地人流利”） 典型例题 2 We have planted ________ as ________ trees as they have. A. two times; much B. two times; more C. twice; many D. twice; more 答案：C（twice as many trees as表示“两倍多的树”） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点3：形容词、副词比较级用法。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。 My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的漂亮。 He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示两者之间比较，用“the + 比较级”结构。 Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？ He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。 “越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。 The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。 She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。 The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。 典型例题 1 Of the two sisters, Betty is ________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 答案：C（表示两者中较……之一时，比较级前面要用定冠词the） 典型例题 2 It’s believed that ________ you work, ________ result you’ll get. A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the more better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 答案：A（这里表示“你工作的越努力、结果越好”） 典型例题 3 Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard ________ before. A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 答案：C（这里表示“我没有听过比这更好的故事了”） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
考点4：形容词、副词最高级用法。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。 The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。 She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。 She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the 最高级，A, B or C？”。 Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？ “最……之一”用“one of the最高级+ 可数名词复数”结构。 She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几最……”。 She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。 典型例题 1 He is taller than any other boy in our class. (同义句转换) 答案：He is the tallest boy in our class. 典型例题 2 Which is , Ann, Susie or Tina? A. the shorter B. the shortest C. the most shortest D. short 答案：B（三者之间进行比较，用最高级） 典型例题 3 She is one of in our class. A. a good student B. the best student C. best students D. the best students 答案：D（“one of the最高级+ 可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
三、巩固训练
(2012●常州市)1. --- Tom, what do you think of the school?
--- Oh, no other school is in the city. It's one.
A. better; a better B. the best; the best
C. better; the best D. the best; a better
(2016●常州市)2. ---Do you enjoy yourself at the concert?
---Yes. I have never been to _______one before.
A. a better B. the best C. a worse D. the worse
(2016●常州市)3.The coach thinks______of Mary's sports talents, for she jumped very______at the sports meeting.
A. high;high B. highly;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high
(2014●淮安市)4. Mum likes making pictures and the pies she cooks always taste _______.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
(2015●连云港市)5. ---The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow.
---That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators(运营商）to provide Internet.
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