(对应学生用书第65页)
重点1| 基础词类的用法
Ⅰ.名词
自查自纠 | 解题分析 | 语法讲解 |
1.I was always checking the time and thinking of future plans(plan). | plan为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。 | 名词单数变复数一般在名词词尾直接加s。 friend→friends; nation→nations; change→changes; member→members; painting→paintings。 |
2.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes(prize)in the exams this year. | prize为可数名词,表示所有的奖励,应用复数形式。 | |
3.Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese cities(city). | city为可数名词,通过前面的several other可判定应用复数形式。 | 词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为ies;词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s。 enemy→enemies; difficulty→difficulties; guy→guys;toy→toys。 |
4.He lost all his keys(key)to the doors,so he had to get them opened by force. | key为可数名词,表示所有的钥匙,应用复数形式。 | |
5.He was wearing dark glasses(glass)to protect his eyes from the sun. | glass表示“眼镜”时为可数名词,因为有两个镜片,应用复数形式。 | 词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。 bus→buses;fox→foxes; coach→coaches;bush→bushes。 注意:stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。 |
6.As he could not find boxes(box)of the right size,he had to use fruit baskets instead. | box为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。 | |
7.They took some photos(photo)when they visited China. | 此处some表示一些,故应用photo的复数形式。 | 词尾是o的词,以辅音字母+o结尾,直接加es;以元音字母加o结尾,直接加s。 tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; zoo→zoos; radio→radios。 注意:外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。 |
8.They gave their lives for their country and were honored as heroes(hero). | hero为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。 | |
9.The green leaves(leaf)with red blooms are very pleasant to look at. | leaf为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。 | 词尾是f或fe时,多将f或fe变为ves。 shelf→shelves; knife→knives;wolf→wolves。 |
10.Yesterday the firemen(fireman)examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire. | 根据后面的were可知,空格处应填复数形式。 | 名词复数的不规则变化:child→children;foot→feet; mouse→mice; phenomenon→phenomena; medium→media。 |
Ⅱ.冠词
自查自纠 | 解题分析 | 语法讲解 |
1.It is a good idea never to compete but to do your best to improve at your own rate. | idea为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应用不定冠词。 | 不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,泛指一个人或一个事物。 |
2.Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life. | play a role in意为“在……中扮演角”,important以元音音素开头,其前应用an。 | 不定冠词有两种形式,当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母weight的最高级)时用a;当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)时用an。 |
3.I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university. | university为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词。 | |
4.I believe that with our joint efforts,this meeting will be a great success. | success表示“成功的人或事”时为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词。 | 具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。 |
5.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor. | 特指“在顶楼”应用定冠词,故填the。 | 定冠词the特指某人或某物。 |
6.Smoking is one of the biggest causes of preventable deaths in England. | 形容词最高级前应用定冠词,故填the。 | 在最高级或序数词前面或由only,very,same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。 |
7.Nowadays,how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic. | 定冠词the和形容词old连用,表示“老年人”。 | 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词式形容词连用,表示一类人或事物。 |
8.As is wellknown,the Second World War broke out in the thirties. | thirties表示“年代”时其前应加定冠词,故填the。 | 用在年代或用于逢十的数词前。 |
9.And all of a sudden,there they were—two beautiful,tiny little girls holding hands! | all of a sudden为固定短语,意为“突然”,故填a。 | 不定冠词和定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。 |
10.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way. | the same为固定搭配。故填the。 | |
Ⅲ.代词
自查自纠 | 解题分析 | 语法讲解 |
1.Later,I received a cassette from him,in which he recorded his apology. | 由空格后面的he和his可判定填him,表示从他那里收到了磁带。 | 人称代词第三人称的主格与宾格常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。 |
2.A few hours before,I'd been at home in Hong Kong,with its(it) choking smog. | 因为smog是名词,所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式来修饰。 | 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,常表示物体的所属;而名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语,但不可以作定语。 |
3.I can understand how you feel now because my experience is similar to yours. | 此处用yours相当于your experience,表示我的经历与你的经历相似。 | |
4.I kept telling myself that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems. | 通过前后的I可知,此处表示我总是不断地告诫自己,故填myself。 | 反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者,可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。 |
5.Nowadays the universities are totally different from those of the past. | 空格处需用一个词来替代前面的the universities,故填those。 | that/those可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名词,而those替代复数名词或集合名词。 |
6.During the rush hours,I have been looking for a taxi but haven't found one yet. | 此处表示我一直在出租车,但还没发现一辆,此处用one替代a taxi。 | one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。 |
7.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions. | 通过but可知,两份报告都不包括任何有用的建议,故填neither表示“两个都不”。 | 不定代词both,either,neither表示两者;all,any,none表示三者或三者以上。 |
8.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite. | 根据前面的some可知,此处表示“一些……,另一些……”,故填others。 | the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”;another表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”;others泛指其余的人或物。 |
9.It is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. | 空格处需要it作形式主语,而不定式短语作真正的主语。 | it可作形式主语或形式宾语,用来指代不定式、动词ing形式或从句,而把真正的主语或宾语后置。 |
10.I will appreciate it if you give me a hand to solve the problems. | I will appreciate it if...为固定用法,意为“如果……,我将不胜感激”。 | it在固定结构中的用法:I'll hate/like/enjoy it if...;when it comes to...;It is no wonder that...等。 |
Ⅳ.介词
自查自纠 | 解题分析 | 语法讲解 |
1.It is a very exciting city with great hotels,fine restaurants and even casinos。 | 此处表示“带有……的城市”,应用介词with。 | 1.应掌握介词的基本用法,近三年全国八套卷考查到的有:as作为,in在……方面,by乘坐(交通工具)。 2.注意一词多义的介词,例如with:(表示关 系)和……一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着;(表示方式)用……;凭借……;(表示原因)由于,因为等。 3.注意易混介词的对比,例如表示时间的in,on,at;表示时间的in, after;表示方位的through,across;表示交通方式的by,on/in等。 |
2.As an eightyearold boy,I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. | 此处表示“作为一个8岁的男孩子”,应用介词as。 | |
3.Without mother and father's love,I would not lead such a happy life now. | 句意:没有父母的爱,我就不会这样幸福的生活。故填without。 | |
4.When Monday came,she arrived at school in Colorado,only to be told that her new hair style was against the school rules. | 此处说“她的发型违背了学校规定”,表示违背用against。 | |
5.Despite these difficulties,they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement. | 此处表示尽管有这些困难,应用despite,though/although也表示“尽管”,但作为连词后面应跟句子。 | |
6.In Beijing,many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because of air pollution. | because of为固定短语,意为“因为,由于”,故填of。 | 注意介词的固定搭配,其考查形式主要有以下几种: ①固定短语中的介词; ②介词与名词的搭配; ③介词与动词的搭配; ④介词与形容词的搭 配。 近几年全国卷语法填空题考过的搭配有:to and from,at the same time,go back to,be focused on,next to等。 |
7.The computer game is designed for game lovers,young ones in particular. | in particular为固定短语,意为“尤其;特别”,故填in。 | |
8.So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship. | from...to...为固定用法,意为“从……到……”,故填from。 | |
9.Perhaps,recently I was busy with some little things both in family and work so I was completely tired. | be busy with为固定搭配,意为“忙于”,故填with。 | |
10.White fat stores extra energy,which results in weight gain. | 此处说会导致肥胖。result in“导致”,故填in。 | |
Ⅴ.形容词、副词
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