(对应学生用书第65)
重点1| 基础词类的用法
.名词
自查自纠
解题分析
语法讲解
1.I was always checking the time and thinking of future plans(plan).
plan为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。
名词单数变复数一般在名词词尾直接加s
friendfriends
nationnations
changechanges
membermembers
paintingpaintings
2.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes(prize)in the exams this year.
prize为可数名词,表示所有的奖励,应用复数形式。
3.Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese cities(city).
city为可数名词,通过前面的several other可判定应用复数形式。
词尾是辅音字母+y时,变yies;词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s
enemyenemies
difficultydifficulties
guyguystoytoys
4.He lost all his keys(key)to the doorsso he had to get them opened by force.
key为可数名词,表示所有的钥匙,应用复数形式。
5.He was wearing dark glasses(glass)to protect his eyes from the sun.
glass表示眼镜时为可数名词,因为有两个镜片,应用复数形式。
词尾是sxchsh时一般加es
busbusesfoxfoxes
coachcoachesbushbushes
注意:stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s
6.As he could not find boxes(box)of the right sizehe had to use fruit baskets instead.
box为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。
7.They took some photos(photo)when they visited China.
此处some表示一些,故应用photo的复数形式。
词尾是o的词,以辅音字母+o结尾,直接加es;以元音字母加o结尾,直接加s
tomatotomatoes
potatopotatoes
zoozoos
radioradios
注意:外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s
8.They gave their lives for their country and were honored as heroes(hero).
hero为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。
9.The green leaves(leaf)with red blooms are very pleasant to look at.
leaf为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。
词尾是ffe时,多将ffe变为ves
shelfshelves
knifekniveswolfwolves
10.Yesterday the firemen(fireman)examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.
根据后面的were可知,空格处应填复数形式。
名词复数的不规则变化:childchildrenfootfeet
mousemice
phenomenonphenomena
mediummedia
.冠词
自查自纠
解题分析
语法讲解
1.It is a good idea never to compete but to do your best to improve at your own rate.
idea为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应用不定冠词。
不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,泛指一个人或一个事物。
2.Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.
play a role in意为……中扮演角important以元音音素开头,其前应用an
不定冠词有两种形式,当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母weight的最高级)时用a;当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)时用an
3.I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university.
university为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词。
4.I believe that with our joint effortsthis meeting will be a great success.
success表示成功的人或事时为可数名词,表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词。
具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。
5.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.
特指在顶楼应用定冠词,故填the
定冠词the特指某人或某物。
6.Smoking is one of the biggest causes of preventable deaths in England.
形容词最高级前应用定冠词,故填the
在最高级或序数词前面或由onlyverysame等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the
7.Nowadayshow we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.
定冠词the和形容词old连用,表示老年人
定冠词the和形容词、过去分词式形容词连用,表示一类人或事物。
8.As is well­knownthe Second World War broke out in the thirties.
thirties表示年代时其前应加定冠词,故填the
用在年代或用于逢十的数词前。
9.And all of a suddenthere they were—two beautifultiny little girls holding hands
all of a sudden为固定短语,意为突然,故填a
不定冠词和定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。
10.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way.
the same为固定搭配。故填the
.代词
自查自纠
解题分析
语法讲解
1.LaterI received a cassette from himin which he recorded his apology.
由空格后面的hehis可判定填him,表示从他那里收到了磁带。
人称代词第三人称的主格与宾格常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。
2.A few hours beforeI'd been at home in Hong Kongwith its(it) choking smog.
因为smog是名词,所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式来修饰。
形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,常表示物体的所属;而名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语,但不可以作定语。
3.I can understand how you feel now because my experience is similar to yours.
此处用yours相当于your experience,表示我的经历与你的经历相似。
4.I kept telling myself that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems.
通过前后的I可知,此处表示我总是不断地告诫自己,故填myself
反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者,可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。
5.Nowadays the universities are totally different from those of the past.
空格处需用一个词来替代前面的the universities,故填those
that/those可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名词,而those替代复数名词或集合名词。
6.During the rush hoursI have been looking for a taxi but haven't found one yet.
此处表示我一直在出租车,但还没发现一辆,此处用one替代a taxi
one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的一个,其复数形式为ones
7.The research group produced two reports based on the surveybut neither contained any useful suggestions.
通过but可知,两份报告都不包括任何有用的建议,故填neither表示两个都不
不定代词botheitherneither表示两者;allanynone表示三者或三者以上。
8.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.
根据前面的some可知,此处表示一些……,另一些……”,故填others
the other意为(两者中的)另一个another表示(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个others泛指其余的人或物。
9.It is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel.
空格处需要it作形式主语,而不定式短语作真正的主语。
it可作形式主语或形式宾语,用来指代不定式、动词­ing形式或从句,而把真正的主语或宾语后置。
10.I will appreciate it if you give me a hand to solve the problems.
I will appreciate it if...为固定用法,意为如果……,我将不胜感激
it在固定结构中的用法:I'll hate/like/enjoy it if...when it comes to...It is no wonder that...等。
.介词
自查自纠
解题分析
语法讲解
1.It is a very exciting city with great hotelsfine restaurants and even casinos
此处表示带有……的城市,应用介词with
1.应掌握介词的基本用法,近三年全国八套卷考查到的有:as作为,in……方面,by乘坐(交通工具)
2.注意一词多义的介词,例如with(表示关
)……一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着;(表示方式)……;凭借……(表示原因)由于,因为等。
3.注意易混介词的对比,例如表示时间的inonat;表示时间的in
after;表示方位的throughacross;表示交通方式的byon/in等。
2.As an eight­year­old boyI spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine.
此处表示作为一个8岁的男孩子,应用介词as
3.Without mother and father's loveI would not lead such a happy life now.
句意:没有父母的爱,我就不会这样幸福的生活。故填without
4.When Monday cameshe arrived at school in Coloradoonly to be told that her new hair style was against the school rules.
此处说她的发型违背了学校规定,表示违背用against
5.Despite these difficultiesthey managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement.
此处表示尽管有这些困难,应用despitethough/although也表示尽管,但作为连词后面应跟句子。
6.In Beijingmany people suffer different kinds of illnesses because of air pollution.
because of为固定短语,意为因为,由于,故填of
注意介词的固定搭配,其考查形式主要有以下几种:
固定短语中的介词;
介词与名词的搭配;
介词与动词的搭配;
介词与形容词的搭
配。
近几年全国卷语法填空题考过的搭配有:to and fromat the same timego back tobe focused onnext to等。
7.The computer game is designed for game loversyoung ones in particular.
in particular为固定短语,意为尤其;特别,故填in
8.So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.
from...to...为固定用法,意为…………”,故填from
9.Perhapsrecently I was busy with some little things both in family and work so I was completely tired.
be busy with为固定搭配,意为忙于,故填with
10.White fat stores extra energywhich results in weight gain.
此处说会导致肥胖。result in导致,故填in
.形容词、副词

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