“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词的被动态
英语中的短语动词种类繁多，数量巨大，使用频繁。其中有一种是由“动词+名词+介词（+宾语） ”构成的。由这类短语动词充当谓语的主动句在转换为被动句时呈现复杂的情况： 1）既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语； 2）只可以把动词宾语转化为被动句的主语；3）只可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语； 4）不能用于被动态。所以英语学习者对此感到难以把握，很有探讨一下的必要。请先看高考英语“单项填空”部分中的一些试题及其相应的主动句 ：
（1） Good care must ______ babies particularly while they are ill. (1992 年高考上海卷 )
A. take            B. take of                C. be taken        D. be taken of
  → We must take good care of babies particularly while they are ill.
（2） More attention should be paid ______ our education if possible. (1995 年高考上海卷 )
A. to developing      B. to development        C. to develop      D. for developing
  → We should pay more attention to developing our education if possible.
（3） I promise that the matter will _______. (1987 年高考全国卷 )
A. be taken care      B. be taken care of        C. take care        D. take care of
→ I promise that I will take care of the matter.
一、既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句主语的情况
这类短语动词主要是由make, pay, put, take等少数几个动词组成的。这类短语动词的构成相对比较松散，充当动词宾语的名词前可加形容词careful, complete, effective, good, great, special, terrible或限定词all, any, little, more, much, no, too等，有时甚至动词或名词本身还可用别的动词或名词替换。常见的这类短语动词有： find fault with, make an example of, make a job of, make a mess of, make much of, make a practice/habit of, make a success of, make use of, pay attention to, put/set one’s mind on, take advantage of, take care of, take note of, take notice of等。 由这类短语动词充当谓语的主动句转换为被动句时可采用两种形式：一种是把“动词+名词+介词”当作一个及物动词看待，用介词宾语作被动句的主语，
我们把它称为句型 I, 这种句子是以单个的介词结尾的，这种转换属于非正式语体；第二种是把该短语动词看作是“动词+宾语+介词短语” ，用动词宾语作被动句的主语，我们把它称为句型II。在句型II中，要把介词短语放在被动态的谓语之后，不能认为该介词短语是名词的后置修饰语而把它放在名词之后。这种转换属于正式语体。例如 ：
1.  He took great care of his books.
→  His books were taken great care of. [ I ]
→  Great care was taken of his books. [ II ]
“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词的被动态
2.  They had made a mess of the house.
→ The house had been made a mess of. [ I ]
→  A mess had been made of the house. [ II ]
二、只能把介词宾语转化为被动句主语的情况
这类短语动词结构紧密，各成分之间语义相互依存制约，形成一个整体，名词和动词的位置固定，不能随意替换。动词后的名词前不能随便添加形容词或限定词，该名词不能转化
为被动句的主语。 “动词+名词+介词”的作用相当于一个及物动词，我们只能把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语。常见的这类短语动词有： catch sight of, get/lay hold of, keep pace with, lose sight of, lose track of, make a fool of, make fun of, make hay of, make light of, make a man of, make a point of, set eyes on, put an end/a stop to, take account of, take pity on 等。例如 ：
3.  We lost sight of the boat in the dense fog.
  → The boat was lost sight of in the dense fog.
weight的短语4.  People often made fun of him for his strong accent.
  → He was often made fun of for his strong accent.
三、只能把动词宾语转化为被动句主语的情况这时介词与其宾语结合紧密，我们一般不把二
者割裂开来，也就是说，不把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语，从而将单个介词置于句尾。我们只能将动词宾语转化为被动句的主语。在充当动词宾语的名词前可添加形容词或限定词。主动句转化为被动句时，介词短语位于被动态的谓语之后，但不能把它看作是名词词组的后置修饰语。常见的这类短语动词有：
attach importance to, deprive someone of, draw sb’s attention to, fix one’s attention/gaze on, fix one’s eyes on, give weight to, lay/put stress/emphasis on, make allowances for, make an attempt on, make demands on, make mention of, make a start on, raise an objection to/against, set one’s heart/mind on, set one’s sight on 等。例如 ：
5.  You made no mention of your plan in your letter.
  → No mention was made of your plan in your letter.
6.  You must lay special emphasis on the choice of words.
  → Special emphasis must be laid on the choice of words.
四、不能用于被动态的短语动词
这类短语动词的结构非常紧密，各组成部分的位置固定并基本保持不变，呈凝固状。它既不能用动词宾语也不能用介词宾语作被动句的主语，只能用于主动语态。这类短语动词中间的名词大多是表示人体某部分的名词，如 give an ear to, join hands with, keep an eye on, lay one’s hands on, poke/put/stick/push one’s nose into, put one’s finger on, rub one’s shoulders with, shake hands with, shut/close one’s eyes to, turn one’s back on；有时也可能是其他名词，如cross swords with, find favour with, give birth to, give place to, give rise to, keep company with, keep faith with, lose patience with, make friends with, put one’s money on, put one’s shirt on, set one’s cap at, take charge of, take control of, take leave of, take part in等。

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