名词性从句
主备人方小艳审核人
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语 中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从 句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、 目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
名词性从句
一定义：名词性从句指的是在整个句了中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以做主语、宾 语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
例如：
What they are doing seems very important.（主语从句）
他们在做的事似乎很重要。
My hope is that he will be the best student in the class. （表语从句）
我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。
Nobody knows who he is.（宾语从句）
大家都不知道他是谁。
I don't like the idea that money is everything.（同位语从句） 我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。
二如何区分各种名词性从句：
先主句的谓语，然后分析。
1谓语之前的从句叫主语从句；
2谓语之后的从句按动词不同分为两种从句。如果谓语是及物动词或相当于及物动词 的短语动词，则其后的从句为宾语从句；
3若谓语是系动词，则其后的从句为表语从句。
4在主句中某个名词后面的从句则为同位语从句。（但名词后也可能是定语从句，注意 分析）
出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。
weight是什么词1.1don't know if I can do it.
2.What he is doing seems very difficult.
3.The important thing is how we can improve our studies.
4.Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people.
5.The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered fi-om one to another.
6.That's what you are going to do first.
7.It'll be decided at the class meeting who is to be the monitor of our class.
8.When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion.
9.1was suiprised at what he said.
10.He gave me the news that some Americans will visit our school tomorrow.
三名词性从句的分类
【宾语从句】：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
1.引导宾语从句的词有连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, which, what以及 其强调形式whoever, whichever, whatever (现暂不做讲解)；连接副词when, where, why, how 等。
例如：
I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.
I wonder whether/if Lin Qiaozhi remembered how many babies she had delivered. Do you know who/whom John Adams was speaking to?
He asked w/zo陀 spacesuit it was.
Pat attention to what the doctor said, will you?
He can't tell which gesture means "good luck”.
Please tell me w/i少 Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.
Do you know w/iw加 the Greens live?
I have no interest in /zow rich he is.
Do you know w/zy he crossed his arms?
2.宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构：
1).由that引导的宾语从句(that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中可省略)
The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
that 弓I导的宾语从句多用于 say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等后。
当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时, 常把否定转移至主句表示。例如：I don?t think it is right for him to treat you like that. (= I think it is not right for him ....) that不能省略的情况：
(1)当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。
如：
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
(2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that—般不可省。如：
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
(3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：
I can't tell him that his mother died.
2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这 种结构的动词常常是： see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。
I can't decide which book I should buy.
3.由whether (if)引导的宾语从句
I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从 句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether•与if可以互换使用，但介词后面的 宾语从句只用whether来引导。如：
We were talking about whether he will come or not.
4.宾语从句后带有宾补时，需用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句后，这时that不省 略。
例女口 ： He thought it wrong that they left the child alone at home.
5.形容词后面的宾语从句
I'm afraid (that) I can't come.
I'm glad (that) you have succeeded.
5.宾语从句注意点
1).要用陈述语序，但当宾语从句是
%1whafs the matter, whafs the trouble, what's wrong 时, 语序不变；
He didn't tell me what was the matter.
%1当疑问词在宾语从句中做主语或做定语修饰主语时，语序不变。
He asked who could answer the question.
He asked which picture was the best.
2).宾语从句的时态要和主句主语保持一致，但若从句表示的是客观规律、事实真理时， 要用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
We knew that light travels faster than sound.
3). 在 do you think, do you suppose, do you expect, do you believe, do you imagine, do you suggest之后接一个表示疑问的宾语从句时，常把疑问词提到句首，其他结构按陈述语序 放在后面。如：

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