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          英语名词性从句自主学习导学案  
编写人：郑翠云 褚娜          审核人：            审批人：             
【学习目标】
1. 扎实掌握英语名词性从句，提升自己的理解力。
2. 自主学习，合作探究；学会分析与总结的方法，并能学以致用。
3. 激情投入，疯狂记忆，体验学习的快乐。
【使用说明及学法指导】
1. 老师引领学生积极动脑思考，结合所学知识自主构建关于英语名词性从句知识体系。
2. 探究总结疑难点并学以致用。
完成时间40分钟
I．名词性从句概述
一、    主语从句
1.1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2).Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.
3).Who will go makes no difference.
4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.
5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.
6) How gold was found there is not clear.
7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.
由以上例句可以看出，主语从句在复合句中充当主语
2.主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom, whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分
3. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
①It is/was +adj. + that从句
②It is/was +a pity(a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, no wonder)+that从句
③It is said(reported, announced, thought, believed, decided, expected等)+that
④It is suggested(advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等)+that从句
⑤It seems (appear, happen, matter等)+that从句 
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that--       
二、宾语从句
1.1）I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.
2) I wonder whether/if Lin Qiaozhi remembered how many babies she had delivered.
3) Do you know who/whom John Adams was speaking to?
4) He asked whose spacesuit it was.
5) Pay attention to what the doctor said, will you?
6) He can’t tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.
7) I don’t know where Charlie Chaplin got his stick.
8) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?
9) Do you know why he was absent?
宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。
2.引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词大致一样，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever, whom, whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
3.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
1）He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
2）We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，
※在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
We all know (that) he is a middle-school student and that he studies hard.
4. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
2）The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
※在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, recommend等表示要求、命令、建议、等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
5. 动词find, feel, think, consider, make等后接复合宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词有hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, see to, depend on, rely on, appreciate等。
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.
6. 特殊句型：
特殊疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect+陈述语序
When do you think she will succeed?
Do you know/ask/tell +特殊疑问词+陈述语序？
Do you know where the police found the lost boy?
7. 否定转移现象.
1）We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
2）I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
※ think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。 必须注意：该种情况下，主语为第一人称。
三、表语从句
1. 1）Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.
  2) The question is whether it is worth doing.
  3) It looked as if it was going to snow.
  4) The problem was who could do the work.
  5) That is what he is worried about.
  6) His trouble is where he can find a new job.
  7) That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
表语从句在复合句中做表语。
2.引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句宾语从句的连接词大致一样通常由从属连词that，whether，和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。注意：表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if或as though引导。
3. The reason why he was late was weight是什么词性that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
※当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
4. His proposal is that we (should) put on a play at the English evening.
※表示意愿，要求，命令，建议等名词(advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement，proposal)后的表语从句中，谓语动词常用should +动词原形，should 可以省略。
四、同位语从句
1．1）I have no idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
  2).We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
  3) The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.
  4) Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open it until 2 o’clock.
同位语从句在复合句中做同位语，它一般跟在某些名词 belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, order, decision, explanation, information, thought等后面，用以说明或者解释前面的名词。
2. 引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where 等。
3. The desire was that a treaty (should) be signed.
※表示意愿，要求，命令，建议等名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词也用should +动词原形，should 可以省略。
4. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别：
从意义上来说，同位语从句对一个名词加以补充说明，定语从句对一个名词进行修饰或限定。从结构上说，①that引导定语从句时，从句是不完整的，that在从句中一定要代替先行词作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可以省略。②that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，从句是完整的。如：
They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他们都为德国向俄国宣战而感到震惊。(同位语从句，that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分。)
They were all shocked at the news that was announced on the radio. 他们都为收音机中宣布的消息而震惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作主语，若省略that，句子成分不全。）
5.同位语从句的隔开现象
The fact has to be faced that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometres away.
※同位语从句通常靠近它的中心词，但是如果主句谓语较短或中心词带有较长的修饰语，则同位语从句与名词中心词形成分隔。
II．名词性从句应该注意的问题：
1.    that 和what 引导名词性从句中的区别
1)    Our trouble is that we are short of money.
2)    That is what he is worried about.
※由以上例句看出， what 为代词，在从句中做成分， 意义上相当于the thing(s) that, 引导主语从句时， 谓语动词由句意决定其单复数。 That不做任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义， 引导宾语从句时常被省略， 但引导主语从句（且在句首时）， 表语从句，同位语从句时，that 不能省略。
2. whether 与if 的用法比较
1) It depends on whether it will rain
※引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句时只用whether.
2)I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
※whether 可以与or not 连用，if 不可。
3) Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
※这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.
为了避免与表示条件的if 重复或者避免出现歧义时， 用whether
4）I can decide whether to stay.
※ 后接不定式时，用whether
5） We discussed whether we should close the shop.
※在动词discuss 后做宾语，用whether
3、含有宾语从句的复合句中主从句时态的一致问题：
1) 主句为现在时态，从句中可以用所需要的任意时态。
I’m sure that you’ll succeed.
2) 主句为过去时态，从句中要用过去起点的时态，客观真理除外。
I thought he studied hard.
She told me that her father died in 1991.
The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.
III．【知识体系构建】
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。如果这个小句子充当了句子的主语，那么这个小句子叫主语从句。同样的道理，充当了宾语叫宾语从句，充当了表语叫表语从句，充当了同位语叫同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的分类：__________、_______________、_______________、_________________
二、引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类以及各类连接词在从句中的作用：
1.从属连词：that 、___________、 __________________，在从句中不作__________________。
2.连接代词: what、whatever、 ________________ 、______________、whom、whose、___________，在从句中作主语、宾语、__________、____________。
3.连接副词:when、where、________、__________，在从句中作________________。
三、名词性从句中的语序：_________________________
【合作探究】
探究一、主语从句中特别需要注意的问题：
主语从句在复合句中充当_________。大多数主语从句一般都可以用it作形式主语， 而把真正的主语从句后置。常见的几种用it作形式主语的固定句式：
①It is/was +adj.+that从句
②It is/was +a pity(a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, no wonder)+that从句
③It is said(________, _________, ________, ________等)+that, 此句型可以转化为_________________________________________________.
④It is suggested(advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等)+that从句
⑤It seems (appear, happen, matter等)+that从句
探究二、宾语从句中特别需要注意的问题：
1.think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词的宾语从句中的谓语动词若是否定形式，并且主句的主语是第一人称,要把从句中的否定副词_______转移到_________，这一现象称为___________。
例如：I don’t think you are right.
I don’t suppose he cares, ___________?
2.动词find, feel, think, consider, make等后接复合宾语时，要用________作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
I think ___ necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
3.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词有hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, see to, depend on, rely on, appreciate等。
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.
探究三、表语从句中特别需要注意的问题：
1.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用_______, 不用why或者because。
The reason for such a serious accident is ________the driver was too careless and drunk.
The driver was too careless and drunk. That is _______ there happened a serious accident.
He has heart disease. That is__________ he has been smoking too much.
2. because, as if, as though等连接词也可以引导表语从句。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
探究四、同位语从句中特别需要注意的问题：
1.同位语从句多用________引导,但也可以用连接代词、连接副词或者whether引导。
I have no idea what has happened to him.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
①that引导定语从句时，从句是不完整的，that在从句中一定要代替先行词作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
②that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，从句是完整的。
The news that our football team won the match was exciting.（_____________________）
The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.(____________)
【学以致用】
一、分析以下复合句包含名词性从句的哪一种，填在后面的括号里。
1. Once you enter the university, you’ll be free to study whatever interests you. （          ）
2. A woman tearfully explained how she had recently lost her husband in a car accident. (            )
3. It remains to be seen whether the plan can be put into practice. (            )
4. That if she was sick, I was expected to take her place, greatly surprised me. (            )
5. Many newspapers printed the mayor’s statement that he would support a tax cut. (            )
6, More and more parents began to realize how beneficial a good education is to their children. (            )
7. The question whether we ought to call in a specialist is to be decided by the family doctors. (            )
8. There is new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved. (            )
9. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. (            )
10. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.(              )
二、英汉互译。
1.    我们有必要出去散散步。
2.    毫无疑问，这条河里的水已经被严重污染了。
3.    问题是我们怎样弄到我们需要的东西。
4.    She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
5.    That she is a rich woman is known to us.
6.    The reason why he is absent is that he is ill.
7.    I promised that if anyone could set me free, I would make him king over the earth.
三、选择题。
1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. [2007 全国卷II]
A. What    B. Why      C. Where      D. Which
2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. [2007 上海卷]
  A. That      B. What          C. Whether        D. Where
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. [2007 上海卷]
  A. when      B. why      C. whether          D. that
4. Could I speak to _________is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]
A．anyone    B．someone    C．whoever    D．no matter who
5. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]
  A. that; what    B. what; /    C. which; that    D. /; that
6. It is none of your business ______other people think about you. Believe yourself. [2007 福建卷]
A. how        B. what            C. which    D. when
7. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. [2007 湖南卷]
  A. why    B. that    C. when      D. where
连接主语从句的连词及其作用
1.连接词及作用
2. 连接代词及作用
3.连接副词及作用
举例说明it做形式主语
连接宾语从句的连词及其作用
1.连接词及作用
2. 连接代词及作用
3.连接副词及作用
that引导宾语从句时的省略
举例说明it做形式宾语
归纳总结否定转移现象并举例说明
连接表语从句的连词跟连接主语从句宾语从句的连词基本一致，但还有________， _________，
_________等。
引导同位语从句的连词
that引导同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别
that 和what 引导名词性从句中的区别
whether 与if 引导名词性从句的区别
含有宾语从句的复合句中主从句时态的归纳
分层目标：
A层全部完成并自我拓展;
B层全部完成;
C层完成探究一、二
请将疑难题目总结到典型题本上。
请同学们结合高考题，分析名词性从句重要考点，提升综合运用能力。

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