专题10　正反解读名词性从句
                  　
1. [2016·浙江卷自选模块]  Recently, I asked her     gave her the confidence to keep challenging the status quo(现状). 
2. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错]  My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
 
3. [2016·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错]  The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
 
4.[2016·北京卷变式]  Your support is important to our work.    you can do helps. 
5. [2015·全国卷Ⅱ]  As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly     thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 
考点一　that引导的名词性从句
规则1that引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句
连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。
①As I searched the name Linda on the Internet,it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.
当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候,很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。(主语从句)
②I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。(宾语从句)
③My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)
[温馨提示] ●that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
①It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
②It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。
③It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。
●常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
规则2that引导的同位语从句
that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that只起引导作用,在从句中不充当成分,但一般不能省略。
①The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
②The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.
政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
考点二　whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。此外,与or或or not连用以及从句作介词宾语时只能用whether而不用if。
①It remains to be seen whether he can get over the difficulty.
是否他能克服困难还有待观察。(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)
②I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中,不可用if代替whether)
③She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认没还。(宾语从句,可用if代替whether)
考点三　who,why,how,where,when等引导主语从句
时,常用it作形式主语。能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。
①Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,weight是什么词性 not knowing where she was heading.
简漫无目的地沿着林荫大道走着, 不知道要去哪里。(宾语从句)
②Some students even have no idea of why they are studying,so they waste much time playing.
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习,所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。(宾语从句)
考点四　what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句
what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。wh-ever引导名词性从句时,其作用等同于其前面的连接词,意为“任何……”或“无论……”,含有强调的语气。
①Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年, 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。(主语从句)
②We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of what it used to charge. (宾语从句)
我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚,是过去收费的一半。
误区之一　 连接代词之间的误用
【误】  Sarah hopes to become a friend of who shares her interests.
【正】  Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
[分析]  who 改为whoever。从句shares her interests缺少主语,故用whoever引导宾语从句并作从句主语。句意:Sarah希望跟与自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。
误区之二　连接副词之间的误用
【误】  The road is covered with snow. I can't understand how they insist on going by motorbike.
【正】  The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they insist on going by motorbike.
[分析]  how改为why。句意:路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句。
误区之三　名词性从句中that与what之间的误用
(1)【误】  That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
【正】  What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
[分析]  That改为What。主语从句缺少主语,故用what引导主语从句并作从句的主语。句意:什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)【误】  Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.
【正】  Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
[分析]  that改为what。宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句并作从句宾语。句意:购物前,我先列出孩子们对于即将到来的季节所需要的东西。
误区之四　从属连词that/whether/if以及连接副词之间的误用
(1)【误】  What the doctors really doubt is that my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

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