2020届二轮复习 名词性从句
考情分析
1whatthat引导名词性从句的区别;
2whetherif引导名词性从句的区别;
3.名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别;
4it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况;
5.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
【知识归纳】
考点一:名词性从句分类
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
(一)主语从句
    1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
    e.g. Who will go is not important.
    2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
    e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
    注意:that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
    e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
(二)表语从句
    1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
    e.g. The question was who could go there.
    注意:引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
    e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
(三)宾语从句
    1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
    e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
    2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用whichif连接,要分别用what whether
    e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
        I’m interested in what you’ve said.
weight是什么词性
    注意1:whetherif都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
    ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解,就要用whether
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
注意2以下情况只能用whether
⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导
whether 可与不定式连用
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,让步状语从句,以上从句中均不能换成if
⑷宾语从句中的whether or not直接连用
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.
  They don’t know whether to go there.
(四)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
    The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导。如:
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述它的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
考点二 名词性从句的关联词分类:
1. 从属连词:that, whether, if, as if
注意:that, whether, if, as ifthat 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.
My hope is that she will soon be well again.(表语从句)
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(宾语从句)
That she will soon be well again is our hope.(主语从句)
需要注意的是:引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的情况,that是不可以省略的
2. 连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.
That is what he is worried about.
I have no idea which team will win.
注意:连接代词有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
3. 连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
This is why he is late.
You have no idea how worried I was.
注意:连接副词有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
      总结:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式,而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether if(是否),as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whetherifas if都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
考点三  that 和what 引导的名词性从句
thatwhat都可以引导名词性从句,但that是连接词,本身无词义,仅起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何成分;what是连接代词,不仅引导名词性从句,而且在从句中充当一定的成分,如主语、宾语或表语。如:
That he stole a bike was true.

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