48个国际音标
一．国际音标
元 音 20 | 单元音 12 | 短元音 | ［i］［ə］［e］［u］［Λ］［Ɔ］［æ］ |
长元音 | ［i:］［ə:］ ［u:］［a:］［Ɔ:］ | ||
双元音 8 | ［iə］［eə］［uə］ ［ei］［ai］［Ɔi］［əu］［au］ | ||
辅 音 28 | 爆破辅音 | ［p］［b］［t］［d］［k］［g］ |
摩擦辅音 | ［f］［v］［s］［z］［θ］［ð］［∫］［З］ | |
破擦辅音 | ［t∫］［dЗ］［tr］［dr］［ts］［dz］ | |
鼻辅音 | ［m］［n］［ŋ］ | |
舌侧音 | ［l］ | |
其他 | ［h］［r］［w］［j］ | |
二．开音节和闭音节
开音节 | 绝对开音节 | 以一个发音的元音字母结尾的词。例：table we hi no duty |
相对开音节 | 以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+一个不发音的e结尾的词。例:name these knife rose use | |
闭音节 | 以一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的词。例：map desk think clock bus | |
a | e | i | o | u | |
开音节 | ［ei］ | ［i:］ | ［ai］ | ［əu］ | ［ju:］ |
闭音节 | ［æ］ | ［e］ | ［I］ | ［Ɔ］ | ［Λ］ |
三、五个元音单字在开音节和闭音节的读音规则：
音标 | 字母 | 例词 |
/a:/ | a | past last glass class after father |
ar | car bar park dark star arm farther | |
/Λ/ | u | under up thumb sun bus brush butter up drug |
o | son love above come brother glove | |
ou | trouble couple double touch tough | |
oo | blood flood | |
/u:/ | u | rude blue truth |
o | who lose do shoe whose | |
oo | choose loose food noon | |
ough | through ew/u:/ blew flew | |
/u/ | u | put |
o | woman wolf | |
oo | look book foot cook good took | |
ou | could would | |
/i:/ | e | he we she the |
ea | cheap meat bean eat cheat teacher ideal | |
ee | see bee fleet bleed street teeth feet | |
ie | field believe | |
ey | key | |
ei | receive receipt | |
i | police | |
/i/ | i | miss if lip mirror big is English |
y | happy silly sunny pretty | |
u | minute busy | |
e | pretty women ticket believe basket | |
/ə:/ | er | term nervous her hers |
or | Work word world | |
ir | skirt first shirt | |
ur | church burn curse curtain nurse turtle | |
ear | learn earth heard | |
/ə/ | a | again ago assistant company |
o | occur prison horizon poison compare | |
er | meter sister teacher worker higher | |
or | visitor doctor mirror | |
ou | nervous | |
ur | Saturday | |
/ Ɔ:/ | al | call all hall talk mall wall ball chalk |
au | fault daughter caught | |
oa | broad abroad broaden | |
aw | lawn law | |
ou | bought brought thought | |
oor | floor door | |
or | fork tortoise short sort | |
our | four | |
/Ɔ/ | o | stop hot lot bottle column boss cock sock |
ou | cough | |
/æ/ | a | cab back bag hat cat |
/e/ | e | egg step edge best beg |
ea | head bread | |
ie | friend | |
ai | said | |
a | many any | |
/ei/ | a | face late taste date |
ay | day way say may | |
ai(gh) | pain railway praise drain again straight paid | |
ea | great break | |
ey | they hey | |
ei(gh) | eight weight | |
/ai/ | i(gh) | nice ice idea blind light night right |
y | fly cry sky by try | |
uy | buy guy | |
/ Ɔi/ | oy | by toy joy annoy oyster |
oi | coin soil noise boil oil poison spoil | |
/ əu/ | o | nose hero go old over cold |
oa | coat boat road float | |
ow | slow yellow window grow crow | |
ou | ||
/au/ | ow | how now down town |
ou | loud cloud house mouse sound | |
/iə/ | ear | clear ear dear near tear |
ere | here mere | |
eer | deer beer engineer | |
/εə/ | are | hare stare dare care compare bare |
air | air hair stair pair fair | |
ear | pear bear wear bear | |
/uə/ | oor | poor moor |
ure | sure assure | |
our | tour tourist gourd | |
ewe | jewel | |
/p/ | p | play map page apple |
/b/ | b | bag cab basket book |
/t/ | t | time tiger bet bite |
/d/ | d | desk good fast |
/k/ | k | kick ink |
c | clock click | |
ck | clock cock | |
ch | chemist school ache mechanic | |
/g/ | g | egg get go |
/f/ | f | foot after food |
ph | phone telephone elephant photo | |
ough | cough tough rough | |
/v/ | v | voice save vegetable |
/s/ | s | silk mouse his see case |
c | rice nice cigarette mice | |
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