英语语音知识整理
英语字母和常见字母组合的发音规律
● 辅音字母的读音
● 辅音字母组合的发音规律
● 元音字母的读音
● 元音字母组合的发音规律
元音和辅音发音规则表
(1)元音20个
● 7个短元音
● 5个长元音
● 8个双元音
(2)辅音28个
● 白捡类
● 口诀类
附录一:英语字母不发音的情况
附录二:高中英语语音知识与发音技巧
附录三:音节和音节的划分
英语字母和常见字母组合的发音规律
辅音字母的读音
辅音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 注释 |
b | /b/ | bag bike bus blue | 1 |
c | 一般情况下,读作/k/ | cake card | 2 |
在e,i,y前读作/s/ | face bicycle cinema | ||
/ʃ/ | delicious especially appreciate precious social associate ocean official ancient | ||
d | /d/ | desk dad day | |
在个别合成词中不发音 | handsome handkerchief judge goodbye | ||
f | /f/ | fine five face off | |
g | 一般情况下,读作/g/ | good bag go | 3 |
在e,i,y前,读作/dʒ/ weight读音 | orange gym German | ||
h | /h/ | hello hat hot hand | 4 |
j | /dʒ/ | jacket job June | |
k | /k/ | key like bike | 5 |
l | l或ll在词首或词中时发音近似于拼音中的声母l的发音, | hello like lake intellectual | |
如在词尾的读音为略带卷舌的/l/音 | apple full bottle tell fall | ||
m | /m/ | morning name me | 6 |
n | /n/ | no nice in | 7 |
在m之前不发音 | autumn condemn | ||
p | /p/ | map pen apple | |
r | /r/ | frank red | |
s | 在词首或清辅音前后读/s/ | spell thanks six desk newspaper | |
在浊辅音前后或元音之后,读/z/ | husband newsreel please music nose | ||
/ʃ/ | sugar Russian sure official delicious | ||
/ʒ/ | pleasure | ||
t | /ʃ/ | patient ,initial | |
/t/ | it what white ten | ||
/tʃ/ | picture century temperature future question | ||
v | /v/ | evening vest very voice | |
w | /w/ | what we well | |
不发音 | answer two | ||
x | 一般在词尾时,读作/ks/ | box six | |
在两个元音之间且重音在后,读作/gz/ | exam example exactly | ||
y | 在单词开头时为辅音,读作/j/ | you yellow yes | 8 |
z | /z/ | zoo zero | |
1 b出现在词尾,在字母m之后,不发音,如:bomb climb 攀爬 comb 梳头 thumb 拇指
2 c出现在x或s之后,不发音 如:ascend 登高 excellence 优秀 excess 额外的 excite 使……兴奋 fascinate 使着迷,神魂颠倒
3 *g出现在词首且在字母n之前,不发音
如:gnash 咬牙切齿 gnat 叮人的小虫 gnaw 咬
*g出现在词尾,在字母m,n之前不发音
如:diaphragm 隔膜 paradigm 范例phlegm 痰 campaign 运动 deign 赐予 design 设计 foreign 外国人 reign 统治
4 *h在单词开头但不发音
honesty,honor,hour,heir,hour
*h在字母g,r,ex之后,不发音
ghost 鬼魂 rhyme 韵律 rhythm 节奏 exhaust exhibit exhilarate 使高兴 exhort 劝告 劝解
*英文字母gh出现在词尾,或在字母t之前不发音
如:brought caught fought height high straight thorough thought weight
5 kn在词首,不发音
knead vt.糅合,揉捏 knee knife knight knit vt。编织 knot n.结,打结
6 m在词首或词尾时,读音略有不同,在词首时。发音近似拼音m,在词尾时为鼻音/m/,双唇紧闭,气流从鼻腔冲出 museum
*m出现在词首,在字母n之前不发音 mnemonic adj。记忆的,助记的 Mnemosyne n. 摩涅莫辛涅
7 n在词首或词尾时略有不同,在词首时,发音近似拼音n,在词尾时为鼻音/n/,发音时舌尖抵上齿龈,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔送出。
n 在k或g前且在词尾读/ŋ/ think thanks thing pink
kn或gn中k或g不发音 knee sign design
8 y字母在单词中间或后面时作为元音,读作/ɪ/(university)或/aɪ/(fly,by )(开音节)
辅音字母组合的发音规律
字母组合 | 读音 | 例词 |
(t)ch | /tʃ/ | child catch watch lunch |
ch | /k/ | chemistry school headache |
/dʒ/ | sandwich | |
/ʃ/ | machine Chicago | |
ck | /k/ | lock black back |
dr | /dr/ | draw drum children |
ds | /dz/ | beds cards sounds |
ge,dge | /dʒ/ | orange page bridge |
gh | /f/在词尾 | laugh cough |
不发音 | right night daughter | |
kn | /n/ | know knife |
ng,nk | /ŋ/ | long sing morning |
ph | /f/ | Photo telephone phrase |
qu | /kw/ | quilt queen question |
/k/ | unique cheque | |
sh | /ʃ/ | shower shall finish |
sc | [sk] | scarlet scout Scotland |
[s] | muscle science scissors | |
sion | [ʃən] | tension passion |
[ʒən] | conclusion television provision | |
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