云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案:侧重名词
语法填空一:侧重名词
1、考点、热点回顾
1.题目要求
1.用给出的词的适当形式填空
2.自己填写单词
2.填写规则
要用适当形式填空,所给出单词必须有形式变化,因此一定是实词类。
要自己填写,就要保证答案的唯一性,因此一定是虚词类。
3.具体方法与考点
1.名词
(1)名词的分类以及可数名词与不可数名词的区别
A.名词的分类
专有名词:独一无二,如:China,the Great Wall
个体名词:无法分割,如:desk,student
集体名词:个体组成,如:family,government
物质名词:无固定的形状、大小、颜,如:water,air
抽象名词:存在但看不见,摸不着,如:love,experience
B.可数名词与不可数名词的区别
1)注意与汉语的区别,高考改错题常考点
如:knowledge,housework等
2)单复数形式意义不同的名词
experience经验 experiences经历
manner方式 manners礼貌
custom风俗 customs海关
work工作 works著作,工厂
wood木材 woods树林
sand沙子 sands沙滩
paper纸张 papers报纸,论文,试卷
glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜
(2)名词的单复数
A.单数变复数的规则
构成方法 | 例词 |
一般情况在词尾加-s | cat—cats girl—girls page—pages |
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词在词尾加-es | bus—buses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes 但有例外:stomach—stomachs |
以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的名词变复数时,直接在词尾加-s | two Marys three Henrys monkey—monkeys holiday—holidays boy—boys |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变成i加-es | baby—babies city—cities factory—factories story—stories |
以O结尾有生命的词,在词尾加-es | tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes potato—potatoes 但有例外:photo—photos piano—pianos |
以o结尾无生命的词在词尾加-s | radio—radios zoo—zoos |
以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v加-es | knife—knives wife—wives half—halves leaf—leaves但仍有例外:belief—beliefs roof—roofs |
1)注意以O和f/fe结尾的词变化
2)注意不规则变化
有些名词的复数属于不规则变化,需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆:child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, phenomenon—phenomena, ox—oxen, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women等。
B.总是表示复数意义的名词
1).集体名词people, police, cattle总是表示复数意义,不能说a people, a police, a cattle,但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle。
The police are searching for the stolen boy.
The cattle are feeding on the grassland.
2).有些名词只用复数形式:trousers, congratulations, thanks, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, belongings, savings。
C.单复数同形的名词
有些名词的复数形式同原形。这些名词有:deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, li(里), jin(斤), yuan(元), mu(亩), means(方式,方法)等。
All possible means have been tried.
Every possible means has been tried.
对于单复数同形的名词,一定要从题中出关键信息(如谓语动词的单复数形式),来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。
D.合成名词的复数
1)把主体名词变成复数,如:lookers-on, editors-in-chief(总编辑), fathers-in-law(岳父)。
2)没有主体名词时,在词尾加-s,如:grown-ups(成年人), go-betweens(中间人)。
E.改错中注意修饰名词的代词,如:
Many,much,few,little等
(3)名词的所有格
A.所有格的构成
1.‘s所有格的构成
(1)通常在单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词的词尾加‘s,如:Jack’s books, Children’s Day, the boy’s bag, men’s room, Tom’s dog, Jones’s father, my brother’s books, sheep’s skin。
(2)以-s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加‘,如:the students’ books。
(3)作为一个整体的词组,一般在最后一个词的词尾加‘s,如:an hour and a half’s walk(步行一个半小时的路程);a month or two’s absence(一两个月的缺席)。
(4)以and连接的两个名词,表示共同所有时,在最后一个词的词尾加‘s,如:Kate and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary是妹俩);表示分别所有时,在每个名词后分别加’s,如:Kate’s father and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary不是妹俩)。
【特别提醒】
不定代词后接else时,其所有格放在else之后。如:somebody else's bag, somebody else's books。
2. Of所有格的构成
the+所有物+of+(this, that,. the, )+无生命之物。
B.所有格的用法
1.'s所有格的用法
1)常表示有生命的东西。如:Tom's birthday, the dog's owner。
(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如:
①时间:a day's work(一天的工作),today's newspaper;
②距离:twenty minutes’ ride, five minutes’ walk, a mile’s distance;
③天体:the sun’s heat, the moon’s surface;
④度量衡与货币价值:ten dollars’ worth, twenty pounds’ weight;
⑤国家、城市等:China’s industry, the city’s development, the government’s plan, China’s development。
(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如:at the doctor's在诊所,the tailor’s裁缝铺,the barber’s理发店,at my uncle’s在我叔叔家。
2.of所有格主要用于无生命的事物,也可以用于有生命的事物。如:the window of the house; a map of Japan; the name of the girl standing at the gate。
Does anyone know the title of the novel?
They have the support of people of the developing countries.
C.注意一组词的区别
Five minutes’ walk
Five-minute’s walk
(4)名词词性变化
A.其他词变名词的常见后缀
ment/ion/ing/er/or/ist/ness/ce等
B.什么情况变名词
冠词+名词
物主代词+名词
数量词+名词
形容词+名词
(5)名词的辨析
语法填空泛练
语法填空。 (2017·石家庄质检一)
Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement,like on the royal tour of Canada,or poses for 1. (office) photographs,he only ever wears shorts,2. has long confused royal watchers.
According to William Hanson,3. expert in ceremony,there’s a very good reason for this—and it has nothing to do 4. fashion,but rather a royal tradition that 5. (date) back to the sixteenth century.A new born baby would 6. (dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼weight读音)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old.
With time 7. (change),middle class boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban(土气的) by the upper.Hanson explains,“8. is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.” The British upper are always keen to hold on to tradition,and this also 9.(silent) marks them out from “the rest”.However,as for William and Kate,the 10.(decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to tradition than a class issue.
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