英语国家概况英国的主要宗教团体
在你对英国的了解中，你对于这个国家的宗教团体是怎么认为的呢?下面是店铺带来英语国家概况：英国的主要宗教团体详情， 希望对大家有帮助。
英语国家概况：英国的主要宗教团体
Religion 宗教
1. Everyone in Britain has the right to religiousfreedom with out interference from thecommunity or the State. (He may believe in anychurch or none at all.) He may change his religion atwill may manifest his faith in teaching, worshipand observance. Except that the Lord Chancellor maybe a Roman Catholic, public offices are open withoutdistinction to members of all churches or none.
在英国，人人都有信仰宗教的权利，社会和政府不得干涉。他可以随意改变宗教信仰，可以在布道，礼拜和仪式中表明他的信仰。除了大法官不可以是罗马天主教徒外，公共职务对各种信仰或没有信仰的人一律公开。
2. Established churches国教
There are two established church in Britain: in England the church of England and in Scotlandthe (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland.
英国有两大国教，在英格兰是英格兰国教，苏格兰是苏格兰教会(长老教)。
3. Church of England is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a memberof that Church and as "Defender of the Faith". The Church is also linked with the State throughthe House of loads. The church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as laiddown in the Book of Common Prayer without the consent of Parliament.
英格兰国教与君主有独特的联系。因为君主作为“国教的捍卫者”必须是此教会的一员，他在登基时必须承诺维持国教。国教还通过上议院与国家联系起来。没有议会同意，英格兰教会不可随意改变“国教祈祷书”中规定的礼拜仪式。
4. The government of the Church of Scotland is Presbyterian, that is, government by ministersand elders, all of whom are ordained to office. The Monarch is normally represent
ed at thegeneral assembly by the Lord High Commissioner.
苏格兰教的管理时长老制，也就是由教士和长老治理。他们被授予圣职，王室高级代表通常代表君主光临会议。
5. Unestablished churches非国教教会
There are include: the Anglican Churches(圣公会)，the Free Churches(自由教会);(the largest ofthe Free Churches —the Methodist Church 最大的自由教会—卫
理公会)，the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教)。
英语国家概况:英国的政府体制
I.General knowledge
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen. The UnitedKingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereignby His or Her Majesty's Government. The System ofparliamentary government is not based on a writtenconstitution,
the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up ofstatute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law andinterprets statutes.
联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪
法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。
Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's powerare limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no ral power. Constitutionalmonarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
II.The Monarchy君主制
1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God ofthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms andTerritories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的上帝之恩典，女王，英联邦元首，共同信仰的保护者。”
2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, anintegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all thearmed forces and the "supreme governor" of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent toBills passed by parliament.
女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的法案给予御准。
III.Parliament 议会
1. The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal,state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, theHouse of Lords and the House of Commons.
英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。
monarchy2. The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to passlaws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, themeans of carrying on the work of government; (3) toexamine government Policy and administrations,including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.
议会的主要作用是：(1)通过立法;(2)投票批准税为政府工作提供资金;(3)检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议;(4)当天的议题辩论。
The House of Lords 上院
The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The LordsS
piritual are the Archbishops of Canterbury and Yord and 24 senior bishops of the Church ofEngland. The Lords Temporal consist of 1) all hereditary peers and peeresses of England,Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom(but not peers of Ireland);2)life peers created toassist the House in its judicial duties;3)all other life peers. The main function of the House ofLords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.上院由神职人员和世俗议员组成。神职包括坎特伯雷和约克大主教及24名高级主教。世俗议员包括1)所有英，苏，大不列颠及联合王国的世袭贵族，女贵族(但不包括爱尔兰);2)协助议院司法工作的终身贵族;3)其他终身贵族。上院的主要作用就是集中议员集体经验智慧制定法律。
The House of Commons 下院
The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members ofParliament (MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority for law-makingresides.下
院议员由成人普选产生，共有651名议员。最高立法权掌握在下院手中。
1) Parliamentary Electoral System议会选举制
A General Election must be held every five years and is often held at more frequent intervals.British citizens, together with citizens of other Commonwealth countries and citizens of the IrishRepublic resident in Britain, may vote provided they are 1) aged 18 or over,2)included in theannual register of electors for the constituency, and 3)not subject to any disqualification. Acandidate must deposit 500 pound.大选每5年一次，且经常不足5年就举行。英国公民包括其他英联邦国家公民和爱尔兰共和国在英国的居民都有选举权。选举条件1)18或18以上，2)选区全体选民的每年选民登记册上登记注册者3)有资格参选者。候选人必须交纳500英镑保证金。

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