Seven World,One Planet S01E07
七个世界 一个星球      第七集
Africa. 
非洲 
No continent on Earth today has such spectacular wildlife. 
这里拥有世界上最为雄浑壮丽的野生动物奇观。 
At its heart lies a vast tropical rainforest.
大陆中心是郁郁葱葱的广阔热带雨林。
Over a million square miles of wilderness,much of it still unexplored even now.   
一片占地200多万平方公里的荒野，大部分是迄今都无人涉足的原始森林。
There are more species of animals and plants in these jungles than anywhere else on the continent. 
这里野生动植物多样，种类之多超过非洲大陆的其它任何地方。     
But even in this land of plenty wildlife now faces major challenges. 
但即使是在这片富饶之地，野生动物们也面临着许多严峻挑战。
The forests of the Ivory Coast contain over 1,500 species of plant,but some are very difficult to get at even for one of the most intelligent of animals.   
非洲科特迪瓦的森林资源丰富，共有1500多种植物，但有些很难获得，就连一些最聪明伶俐的动物也只能望洋兴叹。 
Chimpanzees. 
黑猩猩。 
The elders in this group know where to find the most nutritious food and how to extract it.
这个族的长者知道从哪里能到最有营养的食物以及如何提取其中的养分。   
But if they are to survive to adulthood,the youngsters must learn these skills from their parents.
年轻幼崽要想长大成年，必须跟随父母学习这些生存技能。     
This young female is five years old old enough to be given an important lesson.
这只年轻雌性黑猩猩今年5岁，这个年纪可以学习一门重要的课程了。
And this is her teacher. 
这是负责传授知识的老师。
Her mother. 
也是它的妈妈。 
The lesson is how to crack a nut.
课程内容是学习如何打开坚果。   
Using tools like this is so complex that it has only been mastered by a handful of chimpanzee communities. 
熟练使用工具是一项复杂的技能，所以目前只有少数黑猩猩体能够掌握。   
This is a skill that has been practised by chimps for several thousand years.
这是黑猩猩历经数千年通过不断实践获得的非凡本领。   
Time to try for herself.
可以自己试一下了。   
She needs to find a better tool.
它需要到一个更好的工具。   
Small rocks just don't have the clout.
小石块的撞击力不够大   
And larger ones are too cumbersome. 
大石头又显得过于笨重。 
Wood is both light and strong but not strong enough.
木头看似既轻便又结实但用在这里还不够。
Back to teacher. 
它返回继续观摩学习。
It may take a young chimp up to a decade to perfect the skills it needs for nut-cracking. 
年轻黑猩猩可能需要将近10年才能熟练掌握敲碎坚果的技能。 
But she's already mastered one thing. 
但它现在已经掌握了一项本领。 
When her fingers can't reach the nut inside she strips down a branch to size and makes herself a spoon.
当手指够不到果仁时，它会折下一根树枝，调整到合适大小当成勺子用。
She'll learn to use many tools in her life and eventually she'll share this knowledge with youngsters of her own,enabling them to harvest the riches of their rainforest home.
它一生中要学习使用许多工具，最终它会把这些知识传授给自己的幼崽，使它们能够在广阔的雨林家园里尽情享用各种各样的食物资源。   
The sheer abundance of life in the rainforests is rivalled by that on the eastern side of the continent.
热带雨林中纷繁多样的动植物令人眼花缭乱，而东非的物种之多毫不逊。   
The Great Rift Valley runs for 4,000 miles down the length of Africa. 
大裂谷是纵贯东非南北的地理奇观 总长近6500公里。 
It developed some 30 million years ago,when a giant plume of molten rock pushing up from the depths cracked the Earth's crust apart. 
它形成于大约3000万年前，由于地壳板块运动，一股巨大的熔岩从地下深处喷涌而出导致地壳断裂。
Fresh water began to accumulate on the floor of this rift and a chain of lakes developed.
淡水在大裂谷的谷底位置大量聚集，由此形成了一串链状排列的大小湖泊。
These lakes are now one of the richest freshwater habitats to be found anywhere.
如今这些湖泊为各种各样的淡水动物提供了栖息地。   
One single family of fish here - the cichlids -has evolved into more than 1,500 different species.   
一个独特的鱼类家族——慈鲷在这里繁衍兴盛，已经进化出1500多个不同种类。 
This might look like paradise,but competition between these cichlid species is intense. 
这里仿佛世外桃源一般，其实不同种类的慈鲷之间竞争异常激烈。 
This crowded world is a dangerous one.
这片拥挤的水下世界，危机四伏。   
Baby fish, after all, make a tasty meal.
毕竟，幼鱼可是不错的美味。   
So, many cichlid mothers have developed a very effective way of keeping their offspring safe. 
许多慈鲷妈妈进化出一套高效的育儿措施来确保幼鱼的安全。
They use their mouths as a mobile nursery. 
它们把大嘴当成移动的育儿所。 
It's a safe haven where the fry can stay until danger has passed.
—旦遇到危验，慈鲷幼鱼可以一直躲在妈妈嘴里享受庇护。   
When the coast is clear, she releases them.
当危机解除，妈妈会再把幼鱼吐出来。   
This kind of behaviour starts when the cichlid female picks up her newly laid eggs and holds them in her mouth to keep them safe.
这种行为源于慈鲷妈妈在新产下卵时就会将其含入口中提供保护。   
cracked是什么意思中文During spawning, her mate flashes his yellow tail spots to encourage her to keep laying.
在繁殖期，雄性慈鲷会不断闪动尾部的黄斑点鼓励雌性持续产卵。   
As each batch of eggs emerges,she scoops them up.
当鱼卵产出后，慈鲷妈妈迅速含起鱼卵。   
But this couple are being watched by cuckoo catfish.

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