附录
The Methods for Solving the Problem of Balancing an Assembly
Line[10]
Currently, along with the market changing, some forerunners production mode got an extensive application in the manufacturing industry. How raise a whole efficiency of assembling the production line, reduce a work preface in the ware, and pursue to synchronize production is valued by more and more people. The production of manufacturing industry is most likely after carrying on subdividing to turn of have another a work preface flowing water to turn a continuous homework production line, at this time because of division of homework, the time of each work preface operates can't completely the same in theoretically and physically, this phenomenon that certainly will lead to a work preface homework burden unbalance. In addition to losing, result in the meaningless man-hour also result in a great deal of work preface pile up, sometimes will result in the abeyance of production line. Assembly line balance is a kind of means and method for resolving an above-mentioned problem, it is to make all work carry on equally, carrying on a research to the homework, carrying on a measurement to time, making the Assembly line moving smoothly.
The assemble is the last link of production, assembling process mainly with the gearing of parts, tightly solid in lord; secondly allied connect, press to pack and add to note various work to lie quality and quality examination of work preface, sometimes still want to choose to pack according to the customer intention. The whole assemble homework is complicated, belonging to a labor an intensive type engineering. Therefore, the balance of exaltation assembly line has important realistic meaning to exaltation's production efficiency of the car assembly line. The assembly line equilibrium problem is the long-lost type of a type of typical model the combination is excellent to turn a problem, particularly is for random, many the assembly line equilibrium problem of target, solve to
the satisfaction seldom more on a certain degree. Mainly is divided into the following 3 aspects to the research of assembly line equilibrium problem currently: Give the rhythm of the assembly line certainly beg minimum work station number, usually in the assembly line of design and install the stage carry on; The minimum work station given to settle assembly line number, make the rhythm of assembly line minimum, to already exist of the production line carry on adjust excellent turn; Get in work station number and rhythm of assembly line excellent turn under certain condition, all sparse assemble the burden of on-line work station, give the staff member a kind of fair feeling. Because the balance of assembly line always long-lost type of the combination problem, we looking for the superior solution m
ore difficult, so adopted a suitable method to resolve the assembly line equilibrium problem to cause the extensive concern of each business enterprise field and academic circles. A few typical models of water line equilibrium problem of this text aim convection solve a method to carry on more analytical; putting forward resolving that problem can go a method.
The assembly line equilibrium problem is a typical NP-hard to crack, currently, the method which solves this kind of problem can return to knot to 3: Inspire type method, superior turn method (mathematics model method) with industrial engineering method.
Superior turn method is the superior solution that passes establishment mathematics model to look for a problem. Though the mathematics model method can find out the superior solution, the physically applied hour is very tedious; Usually a pimping problem model that need to be constructed very big, the calculator consumes hour also more. Below I will make analysis use linear programming method and dynamic state program method.
The linear programming (Linear Programming, brief name LP) problem is a target function peace treaty's tying conditions are the all lines and superior to turn a problem. The line programming is the superior to turn one of the
important categories in the problem realm, making use of the line programming method to solve an ALB problem is in 60s in 20 centuries waited for someone by Bowman EH to put forward, its stipulation condition and target function establishment easy, but the operation measure very greatly, with actual the circumstance differ more and far. After some scholars' taking into this calculate way to improve, but operating quantities are bigger. Because the programming model method of the usage line solves operation quantity very greatly, the line equilibrium problem that can solve the piece less of the homework chemical element, with actual the circumstance differ very big, for this reason method the result obtained isn't very ideal in physically the application.
The dynamic plan (dynamic programming) the algorithm is one commonly used method that solves the multi- stages decision-making process optimization question; it is very difficult and skillful. The dynamic plan realization is not certainly complex, is suitable for many questions, when solution general question is one of we first choice algorithms. But, the dynamic plan mathematical model establishment is not an easy matter, most difficult also most importantly condition expression. The dynamic plan condition expressed the description sub-question must satisfy the most superior child constitutive property, otherwise unable to establish the correct dynamic plan model. Solves the problem when the application dynamic plan method, should first estimate the question the time, the space, if the question
has the dimension barrier, then the dynamic plan condition expressed very difficult to satisfy the comparatively large-scale question the spatial request. We must seek the alternative means in addition. The dynamic plan law utilizes to when solving the ALB problem, its condition expression with various workstations work element process period related, often when determination dynamic upper boundary must affect a smaller condition to the system to carry on the deletion, thus achieved reduces the operand the goal.
The heuristic method by its simple, easy to understand, was fast and has
satisfied won the multitudinous administrative personnel's trust and the welcome, and is widely applied to each domain. Its production mainly is for overcome the realistic modeling the difficulty, provides one kind of more effective policy-making tool Compares with the optimized method, the heuristic method merit mainly has: The logical model approaches to the reality, the flow chart establishment in the foundation which the policy-maker experiences, therefore the heuristic method is concealing the multi- goals plan; Its main limitation is its static state, namely in the balance process, the fixed criterion determines first the criterion in advance, but from product processing process!、the market demand and the company strategy looked that, the environment is the dynamic change.
The heredity algorithm (genetic algorithms, was called GA) is J. Holland was proposed in 1975 the biological theory of evolution inspiration. GA is based on the survival of the fittest one kind highly parallel, stochastic and the auto-adapted optimized algorithm, he expressed the question solution chromosome survival of the fittest process, through the group generation of unceasingly evolves, including duplication, overlapping and operation and so on variation, finally restrains to the individual which most adapts to circumstances or environment, thus obtains the question the optimal solution or the satisfactory solution. Compares with the traditional optimization method, the heredity algorithm merit is: Community search; Does not need the derivative of the objective function; Probability shift criterion. In recent years, because the heredity algorithm solved the complex optimized question the huge potential and it’s in the industrial engineering domain success application, this algorithm obtained the widespread attention. The heredity algorithm often appears in the actual application precociously restrains and restrains the performance inferior shortcoming, the nowadays some improvement methods mostly is aims at the gene operation, population's macroscopic operation, carries on based on the knowledge operation and parallel GA. Person and so on Wang Yunfeng utilizes the blending in heritance algorithm solution assembly line balance question, this
algorithm the heuristic rule, the heredity algorithm, the simulation Anneal Arithmetic algorithm synthesi
extensive翻译zes in together, both has used the heuristic rule based on the experience superiority, may enhance the algorithm the speed, and may cause the heredity algorithm and the simulation Anneal Arithmetic algorithm superiority supplementary, effectively has solved the assembly line balanced problem.
The industrial engineering (Industrial Engineering, is called IE) the thought most early is proposes father of Taylor by scientific management in the beginning of 20th century, it is the integrated system which by the person, the material, the equipment or the facility, the energy and the information composes for the main research object, synthesis application project technology, management science and social sciences knowledge and so on theory method, enable sit to achieve reduces the cost, improves the quality and the benefit goal, simultaneously provides the policy-making basis for the scientific management. Mainly is the method research and the work determines two big technologies by the industrial engineering primarily production line balance correlation technology, utilizes this technical the merit is causes the enterprise in not to invest or in the few investments situation, does not increase the worker labor intensity even reduces the labor intensity, through implements a series of suits own characteristic improvement method, to the production process operational procedure, the operation method, the MOD method, the material disposition, the spatial layout and the work environment and so on various aspects carries on the improvement, achieved the enterprise balance p
roduction line then enhancement productivity, obtains the economic efficiency the goal. The improvement is the enterprise eternal subject, but the industrial engineering pursues the goal will be forever the without limits improvement, the utilization correlation technology is balanced to the production line, will reduce the consumption for the enterprise, will enhance the productivity. In recent 20 years, the industry inside and outside environment had the very big change, the knowledge economy time was

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