一、字母
字母顺序表
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
字母的读音
字母 | 发音 | 字母 | 发音 | 字母 | 发音 | 字母 | 发音 |
Aa | /ei/ | Hh | /ei t∫/ | Oo | /?u / | Vv | /vi:/ |
Bb | /bi:/ | Ii | /ai/ | Pp | /pi:/ | Ww | /d?blju:/ |
Cc | /si:/ | Jj | /dзei / | Qq | /kju:/ | Xx | /eks/ |
Dd | /di:/ | Kk | /kei/ | Rr | /a:/ | Yy | /wai/ |
Ee | /i:/ | Ll | /el/ | Ss | /es:/ | Zz | /zed/ |
Ff | /ef/ | Mm | /em/ | Tt | /ti:/ | ||
Gg | /dзi:/ | Nn | /en/ | Uu | /ju:/ | ||
二、语音
音素、音标的概念
(1)音素是记录英语语音的最小单位,英语共48个音素,20个元音,28个辅音。
(2)音标是记录音素的符号,现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分,常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。
音标的分类:48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
1、元音:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流在通过口腔时,不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音,里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
单元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
前元音:[i:] [i] [e] [?]
后元音:[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
中元音:[?] [?:] [?]
双元音:[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
2、辅音:辅音音标:分为清辅音和浊辅音,清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m]
[n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]
辅音:
爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
鼻音: [m] [n] [?]
摩擦音:[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h]
破擦音:[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
半元音:[w] [j] 舌边音:[l]
前元音
[i:]
eat [ i:t ] 吃 tea [ ti: ]茶 peach [ pi: t∫]桃
he [ hi:]他 she [∫i: ]她 beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉
jeep [ dзi:p ]吉普车 key [ ki: ] 钥匙 meat [ mi:t ] 肉
cheap [t∫i:p ] ?便宜的
[i]
fish [ fi∫ ] 鱼 gym [ dзim ] 健身房 kid [ kid ] ?小孩fifth [ fifθ ] ?第五 sister [ 'sist? ] 妹 this [ eis ] 这个
is [ iz]是 six [ siks ] 六 slipper [ 'slip? ]拖鞋
[e]
desk [ desk ] 桌子 pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔 pen [ pen ] ?钢笔
dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红的 eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一
bed [ bed ] 床 bread [ bred] 面包 egg [ eɡ]蛋 yes [jes ]
[?]
bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇 math [ m?θ ]数学
jacket [ 'dз?kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ '?pl ]苹果
can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage ['k?bidз] 卷心菜
中元音
[?]
young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday['m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday['s?ndi ] lunch [ l?n t∫ ]午餐 under [ '?nd? ]在…下面
sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时
[?:]
curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘 her [ h?:]她的 skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子
shirt [∫?:t ]衬衫 girl [g?:l ] ?女孩 nurse [ n?:s ]护士
thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十
[?]
today [ t?'dei ]今天 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 river [ 'riv? ]河,江
summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季 colour [ 'k?l? ]颜computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
后元音 [ ɑ:]
bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 are [ ɑ:]是 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间
[u: ]
fruit [ fru:t ]水果 noon [ nu:n ]中午 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
school [ sku:l ]学校 blue [ blu: ]蓝的 cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的
shoe [∫u: ] ?鞋子 soup [ su:p] bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室
[ u ]
book [ buk ] 书 look [ luk ] wood [ wud ]树林
notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本
双元音(一)
[ai]
kind [ kaind]和蔼的 like [ laik ]喜欢 why [ hwai ] ??为什么
quiet[ 'kwai?t ] 安静的 Friday['faidi ]星期五 behind [ bi'haind ]在…后面
July [dзu:lai]七月 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ] 有时 fight [ fait ] 打架
[ei]
grape [greip ]葡萄 lake [ leik ]湖泊 eight [ eit ]八
today [ t?'dei ]今天 they [ eei]他们 may [ mei ] ?可以
name [ neim ]名字 cake [ keik ]蛋糕 snake [ sneik ]蛇
[i?]
here [ hi? ] 这里 ear [ i? ]耳朵 dear [ di? ]亲爱的
near[ni?]近的 really [ 'ri?li]真地 ?
[?u]
old [ ?uld]老的 tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆
tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服 road [ r?ud ]马路
yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄的 cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的 snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的
双元音(二)
[u?]
sour [ 'sau? ] ?酸的 sure [∫ u?]当然可以 flower['flau?] 花
[au]
flower [ 'flau? ]花 house [ haus]房子 about [ ?'baut ]关于
playground [ 'pleigraund ]操场 now [ nau ]现在 mouth [ mauθ ] ?嘴巴
cloud [ klaud ]云 wow [ wau ] ??哇 mountain [ 'mauntin ]山
clothes的音标 [ε?]
there [ eε?]那里 wear [ wε? ]穿着 pair [ pε? ]一双
yeah [ jε? ]是 chair [ t∫ε? ]椅子
[?i]
boy [ b ?i ] 男孩 toy [ t ?i ]玩具
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