专四阅读练习一
TEXT A
All Sir William Jones wanted to do was to learn Sanskrit. While he was studying, however, he made a surprising discovery. This ancient language of India was amazingly similar to Latin and Greek. The Sanskrit word for "mother"—matar—was almost identical to the Latin word, mater. “Father” was pitar in Sanskrit, pater in Latin and Greek. The more he studied, the more similarities he found.
How could this be? Thousands of miles and many natural barriers separated India and Europe. Still, Jones concluded, the similarities were too strong to be accidental. In 1786, he announced “No one could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source.”
Since then, scholars have traced many languages to this “common source.” Today, these languages are called the Indo-European family. But where did this source originate? Languag
e and geography provide the clues. European languages have similar words for the animals and trees of northern Europe, such as oak, willow, bear, and wolf. There are no common words for the animals and trees of southern Europe.
To scholars, this suggests that the Indo-European languages began in north central Europe. In time, some northern Europeans set out toward the east, settling in Iran, India, and Pakistan. Others migrated westward toward southern and western Europe. The root language developed into dozens of different languages, but the family resemblances remain. The word for “three” is drei in German, tres in Spanish, tre in Albanian, and tri in Russian.
Almost every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family, but there are exceptions. Hungarian and Finnish cling to other language families. High in the Pyrenees, the Basque people speak a language that has no known relatives. Perhaps the Basques were the original inhabitants of the region. Isolated by mountains, they may have been bypassed by the spread of Indo-European culture.
81. What did Sir William Jones discover when he was learning Sanskrit?
A. Sanskrit was very similar to some European languages.
B. Sanskrit was an ancient language.
C. The Sanskrit word for mother is the same as that in Latin.
D. Latin and Greek were very similar.
82. Which of the following statements is true about "the common source"?
A. Jones found out the common source.
B. All languages sprang from the common source.
C. Only three languages sprang from the common source.
D. Since 1786, scholars have traced many languages to the common source.
83. Where did the common source originate?
A. In southern Europe.  B. In north-central Europe.    C. In India.      D. in Pakistan.
84. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Jones first discovered the root language.
B. The languages with the common source are called the Indo-European family.
C. The root language developed into different languages as people migrated.
D. Every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family.
TEXT B
Your first culture shock came after you left your home country and you needed to adjust to the United States, It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the profession
al norms and become fully accepted.
Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.
You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoid typical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and co
lleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.
85. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?
A. To know the U. S. A. better.
B. To work better in the new environment.
C. To make more money.
D. To improve one's English.
86. According to the passage, ___________ is not the policy's function.
A. describing procedures, rules and standards

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