全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
Here are some registered letters for you.
Here are some registered letters for you.
In came a man with a white beard.
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”
I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
resolve的名词形式 He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.
“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”
“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
No longer are they staying with us.
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.
表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn.
1.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
There comes your turn.
There comes your turn.
有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
Here are some picture-books.
2.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
Here we are. This is the new railway station.
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”
3.表语和系动词提前:
介词短语: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容词: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副词: Below is a restaurant.
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
4 句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
1、词类
冠词:关注冠词表示特指、泛指、类指的用法。
形容词和副词:形容词的排序也不容忽视。
动词词组:几乎每年必考,今年依旧需要关注。
2、动词的时态和语态
阅读时时注意上下文的情景。大纲要求的八种常用时态都有可能成为考查对象,再此基础上重点关注:进行时、完成时和完成进行时。同时注意如Hardly…when…等经常考查的表示时间的固定句式。
3、非谓语动词
(1)牢记哪些动词后的宾语只能是不定式、动名词,哪些二者兼可。
(2)分词和不定式做宾补的区别。
(3)分词作状语。
4、情态动词与虚拟语气
依旧会受到命题人的青睐。虚拟语气是难点但不是重点,重点注意其在非真实条件句和名词性从句的使用。
5、定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句:近五年必考。注意点:关系代词和关系副词的区别,as和which的区别,限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别、定语从句和同位语从句的区别。注意名词性从句引导词的选择和语序。
6、状语从句
重点关注in case, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句。注意:while, when, until, not…until, before, since引导的时间状语从句。同时关注:目的和结果状语从句。
7、特殊句式
特殊句式注意倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句和省略句。
时态部分
英语中最常见以及常考的时态是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时等八种。这些时态我们几乎在每次使用英语的时候,无论是说话或者是写作,都会遇到,一般用法早已熟记于心了,复习的时候只要留心他们的一些特殊用法,这里以现在完成时和现在(完成)进行时为例。
现在完成时的一些特殊用法:
l、在this is(it is)the first time that…句型中,从句常用完成时态。如:It is the second time he has been out with her。
2、have been to与have gone to的区别。前者侧重表示经历过,说话人可能已经不在那个地方,或者已经回来了。而后者表示已经去了那里,说话的时候可能还在那里,或者在去那里的路上。
3、用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某个动作发生之前业已完成的动作,如:I’ll go to see the film as soon as I have finished my homework。我一做完作业就去看电影。其中做完作业的动作在看电影动作之前完成。
4、when引起的疑问句中一般不用现在完成时,因为询问者关心的是事情发生的具体时间现在(完成)进行时除了表示正在进行的动作之外,主要还有以下的用法:与频度副词如always,continually,constantlyforever等状语连用,表示经常发生的,具有持续性动作的事情,或者表示不满,或者心中抱怨。如he is always thinking
主谓一致
在英语中,最重要的一致关系就是主谓一致了,一般来说单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。但是主语有时候并不仅仅是简单的单数或者复数。比如说集合名词就既能当数主语又可以作复数主语。另外如不定代词、不定式,以及从句等都能作主语,它们的单复数就不那么容易划分了,这样使用单复数动词的相应具体规则也比较多,但是这些规则基本上都离不开三个大的原则。
1、语法一致。如:the boy plays和the boys play完全符合语法上一致的原则,也可以说是基本原则。
2、意义一致,或者是概念一致。动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念,而不是一味由表面的语法标记决定的。如集合名词team本身就有复数的意思,表示整个球队的队员们,如:The basketball team are warmingup。篮球队队员们正在做热身运动。
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