英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构
如果出现更多动词：
⏹加连词（and/but/so…）
⏹放入从句
⏹变为非谓语动词
主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
非谓语动词：不定式to+v动名词v-ing分词v-ed和v-ing 非谓语动词在句中所作的成分
不定式（to do/not to do）
●不定式的基本形式（语态、时态）
●不定式的语法功能（在句中担任的成分）
●不带to的不定式的用法
不定式的基本形式
to have done 表示主动、完成
to have been doing 表示动作从过去持续到现在，刚刚完成或者还在继续
to be done 表示被动
to have been done 表示动作被动、完成
不定式的语法功能
●不定式可以做：
主语、宾语、表语；
定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）
●不定式做主语
1.基本用法
例句：To see is to believe.（眼见为实）
2. 重要用法——it做形式主语，to do做真主语
结构一：it is + 形容词+ for sb + to do sth
例句：It is good for us to take part in physical labour.
结构二：it is + 表人品的形容词+ of + sb + to do
例句：It is kind of you to help me.
表示人品的形容词
kind；nice；polite；clever；wise；fool；stupid；thoughtful
●不定式作宾语
●动词+ to do sth
1.有些动词后面需要用to do作宾语，这些动词有：
afford；aim；appear；attempt；bother；care；choose；claim；consent；dare；decline；demand；desire；fear；hesitate；manage；offer；pretend；resolve；seek；swear；strive……+to do sth 例句：I hesitate to do everything.
2.动词+疑问句+to do sth
有些动词后面会加“连词+to do”作宾语
这样的动词有：tell；advise；show；teach；decide；find out；discuss；learn；forget；know；have no idea……
例句：My mother will teach me how to cook the dish.
扩展：疑问句+to do sth 结构还可以做主、表语
例句：The question is how to put the plan into practice.
3.如果不定式作宾语并带有补语，那么用it做形式宾语，将不定式放到补语后面。
例句：They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
●不定式作表语
1.有些词作主语可用不定式做表语表示将来的动作或具体的动作，这些词有：
purpose；plan；goal；hope；wish；aim….
例句：His purpose is to discover the most faithful friend.
●不定式做定语（通常放在被修饰词后面）
1.基本用法
下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance；wish；right；courage；need；promise；time；problem；
opportunity；way；the first；the second；the last；the only等
例句：There will be many difficult problem to deal with.
●不定式做状语
1.不定式做目的状语（常用so as to do 和in order to do的形式）
例句：I decided to work hard in order to catch up with the others.
注意：in order to可以放在句首作状语，用逗号与主句隔开。
2.不定式做原因状语
在一些形容词做表语时，可接不定式表明产生这种情绪的原因，此类形容词有：happy；luck；glad；sorry；proud；disappointed；angry；surprise；ready；delighted；pleased；easy；difficult；hard……
例句：I am sorry to bother you.
He is easy to get along with.
3.不定式做结果状语
常见结构：too……..to 太…..以至于不能…….
enough to …… 足以……
only to……… 结果却…….
so…as to或such…as to 如此….以至于…..
例句：We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.
注意：有些不定式做状语形成了一种固定结构
例如：to tell you the truth
to my surprise
to be frank
resolve的名词形式
to be honest
●to be start with
needless to say（不必说）
●动词不定式做宾语补足语
1.有些动词后面可以加to do做宾补，这些动词有：ask；allow；get；invite；tell；advise；help；want；order；wish；encourage；hate；warn；permit；oblige（迫使）
构成“动词+sb+to do sth”
例句：Please allow me to introduce myself.
2.重点：有些动词后面用不带“to”的不定式做宾补，但是这类动词在转换为被动语态时，必须还原“to” 这类动词有：make；let；have；keep；have；see；hear；watch；notice；feel；observe；leave；get….
例句：I see him enter the room.
He was seen to enter the room.
My mother makes me learn English every day.
I am made to learn English every day.
不带“to”的不定式
●有些动词如感官动词、使役动词后面用不带“to”的不定式做宾补，但是这类动词在转换
为被动语态时，必须还原“to” make；let；have；see；hear；watch；notice；feel；observe….
等
●在had better；would rather；would sooner；cant’t but（只好、不得不）do nothing but….
后面用不带“to”的不定式
例句：Y ou’d better tell him the truth.
●expect和but之后，如果前面有“do”则后面就省略“to”，如果前面没有“do”，则不省“to”例句：There is nothing to do except（but）read book.
There is no choice except（but）to read book。
真题再现
There were many talented actors out there just waiting .
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. discovered
D. being discovered
We were astonished the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding
B. to find
C. find
D. to be found
I have a lot of readings before the end of this term.
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
动名词（V-ing/not V-ing）
●动名词的基本形式
●动名词的语法功能
●动名词的复合结构
动名词做：主语、宾语、表语、定语
●动名词做主语
1.基本用法（注意谓语动词要用单数）
例句：Learning new words is very useful to me.
2.常用结构
●It is no use/no fun/a pleasure…..doing sth
●There is no + doing sth“不可能做某事”
例句：It is no use talking like this.
There is no telling what will happen tomorrow.
●动名词作宾语
1.动名词做动词的宾语
有些动词后要接doing作宾语，这些动词有：suggest；finish；avoid；stop；begin；like；can’t help；mind；enjoy；admit；delay；deny；consider；advise；escape；practise….
例句：I enjoy listening to music.
注意1：有些动词既可以接动名词又可以接不定式作宾语，但是意义差别很大
注意2：在某些动词后面用doing，表示被动意义。这些词有：want；need；require；worth….例句：My watch needs repairing.
This young child will requires looking after carefully.
This film is worth seeing.
2.动名词做介词的宾语
●常见短语后加doing作宾语：way of；opportunity of；habit of；hope of；process of；plan
for；experience in；be fond of；be good at…..
例句：His way of looking at things is better.
●“to”既是不定式符号，又是介词，当“同”作介词时，后面要用doing ，这样的短语有：
adapt to；confess to；devote to；object to；contribute to；be used to；look forward to；
prefer….to….；lead to；see to（保证）…..
例句：I prefer singing to dancing.
●动名词做介词宾语的特殊句型
be busy in doing sth…….忙于做
have trouble/difficult in doing sth…..做…..有困难
spend….in doing sth…..花费时间金钱做….
Expend….on doing sth…..耗费时间金钱做……
Find sb doing sth……发觉某人做某事
例句：we are busy in preparing for the test .
动名词作表语
例句：seeing is believing 眼见为实。
动名词做定语
动名词做定语常放在被修饰词前面，表示
用途或功能，解释说明其性质
例句：There is a swimming pool in our school
动名词的复合结构
当句子主语和动名词行为主体不一致时，动名词就有一个逻辑主语，构成符合结构：
逻辑主语+动名词（常见mind; inist on；appreciate）
例句：Would you mind opening the door ?
（你介意打开门吗？）
Would you mind my opening the door ?
（你介意我打开门吗？）
逻辑主语常用物主代词和名词所有格
真题再现
I had great difficulty the suitable
food on the menu in that restaurant
A find
B found
C to find
D finding
分词（V-ing和V-ed）

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