教 材 | New Horizon College English 《新视野大学英语读写教程》（第二册） 外语教学与研究出版社 | |||
授课内容 | Unit 1 Time-Conscious Americans | 学时 | 2*3 | |
教学目的 | Teaching Objectives 1. Learn about cultural differences about time consciousness. 2. Scan Passage A and understand the main idea of the text “Time-Conscious Americans”. 3. Understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it. 4. Master the Key Language Points and Grammatical Structures in the Text. | |||
教学重点与难点 | Teaching emphasis: 1. organizing a paragraph with a general statement supported by specific details and the reason 2. key words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns; Teaching difficulties: Reading for the main ideas in paragraphs | |||
教学方法与手段 | Teaching method: lecture with pair work and group discussion The mixture of listening, speaking, reading, practicing and writing Teaching aids: textbook，Multi-media and blackboard | |||
课时安排 | 第一次课 1-2 period | ⅠWarm-up Activity 1. Group work 15m 2. Questions for thought and discussion 15m ⅡBackground Information 10m Ⅲ listening 25m Ⅳ watch and Answer 25m | ||
第二次课 3-4 period | Ⅴ Text Analysis ·Global Reading 25m 1. Main idea 2. Text structure ·Detailed Reading 65m Words Phrases Language points | |||
第三次课 5-6 period | Language points 15m Ⅵ Text Summary 5m Ⅶ Writing 25m Ⅷ Exercise Explanation 45m | |||
教学要点 | Teaching Points: 1. Let the Ss know the learning objectives of this unit; 2. Help the Ss understand the text as a whole and know some background knowledge; 3. Have the Ss know some ideas of fame; 4. Guide the Ss use freely the active expressions, key grammatical points and sentence patterns in this text. | |||
作业布置与思考 | Assignments: 1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases. 2. Sentence Structure: Teacher summaries the usage of “either…or” and “where” and Students practice rewriting sentences after the models. 3. Translation | |||
教学参考书和网络资源 | Reference Books and Resources: 1. Teacher’s Book of New Horizon College English 2. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese) 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary 4. Longman Dictionary of American English 5. On-line resources: English on line | |||
教 学 过 程 | ||||
1-2 Period ⅠWarm-up Activity (提问 板书) 1. Group work: 1) Find out idioms Chinese have about time. Time is money.（时间就是金钱或一寸光阴一寸金） Time and tide wait for no man.（岁月不待人） Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.（今日事，今日毕） 2) Find out major differences of time between Chinese and English culture. Chinese Culture: a) masses (collectivism). b) human and 'heaven' as one (天人和一). c) ethics and tolerance (中恕之道). d) internal cultivation (修身养性). Western culture: a) Individualism. b) adventurous and exploration based. c) based on science d) law to resolve people and people's relationship. e) 'god' and religion to resolve human and spiritualism relationship. 2. Questions for thought and discussion: （提问 课本） 1) What precious resources do Americans value and save? 2) What are the three kinds of behavior that Americans consider to be a waste of time? 3) In what different ways do Americans approach time in business relations? Ⅱ Background Information: （讲解 课件） 1. Cultural Conflicts: Each nation has its own conventions. Different nations have different cultures. When two cultures clash, problems in communication may occur. Which side should compromise when there are cultural conflicts? In fact, knowing and understanding the other's culture is the responsibility of both sides, and both sides should be willing to compromise. Educating, rather than complaining and blaming, is the best solution to cultural conflicts. 2. Hourglass: A glass container holding fine sand for measuring time, which is narrow in the middle like a figure 8 so that the sand inside can run slowly from the top half to the bottom taking exactly one hour.。 Ⅲ listening: （练习 课件） Directions: You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just “drop by” unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think twice about calling after 10: To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. ⅣListen and Answer (提问 视频) Directions: Listen to a passage about people’s attitude toward time in the US and answer the following questions according to what you hear. 1. What does time mean to us? 2. What should we do with time? 3-4 Period Ⅴ Text Analysis （提问 板书） Global Reading Task: Talk about the main idea of the text in groups and answer the following questions. 1. Main Idea: Time-conscious Americans (“Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor” Para. 1) 2．2． Text Structure 1) Question (Para.1) What are the two things Americans try to save? Time and labor 2) The ways Americans save time include: (Para. 2-7) Way 1 They treat time seriously. Way 2 They do everything in a hurry. Way 3 They start talking business quickly. Way 4 They use modern devices to communicate with each other efficiently. 3) Conclusion: different ideas (Para.8) To successfully solve a problem and to fulfill a job with speed is taken by Americans as a sign of skillfulness and being competent. Detailed Reading Task: （讲解 课件） Language points and some expressions to be explained · The class may begin with the students’ questions about the text. The students may put forward some difficult points about the text and ask some other students to answer them by analyzing, paraphrasing and translating. If the students’ answer are not satisfactory the teacher may add his/her opinion · When the students have no questions the teacher may lead the attention up to the points the students may ignore or may not understand by asking some other questions about the text. Words 1. restless a. 1) unable to be still or quiet, esp. because of lack of interest, impatience, anxiety, etc. （尤指因厌烦、烦躁和焦虑而引起的）不的或不安静的 After one month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 这项工作他只干一个月就感到厌倦并决定不干了。 2) always moving 动作不停的，好动的 Restless wind moved through the trees. 风不停地在树林里吹着。 2. restlessly ad. 不地，不安静地 She moved restlessly in her chair. 她焦躁不安地在椅子上挪动着。 He moved about restlessly, lighting a cigarette.他点燃了一支烟，焦躁不安地走来走去。 3. elbow 1) vt. push sb. to one side with the elbow or elbows用肘把人推到一旁 He elbowed me out of the way. 他用肘把我推开了。 2) n. [C] (outside part of the) joint where the arm bends肘 He sat with his elbows on the table. 他坐着双肘架在桌子上。 4.abrupt 1) (of behavior) rough; offensive（指行为）粗鲁的，无礼的 The general was offended by his abrupt reply.将军被他生硬的回答激怒了。 2) sudden and unexpected突然的，意外的 His abrupt departure surprised everyone.他的突然离去使大家都很吃惊。 5. ritual 1) of or done regularly followed in exactly the same way each time 例行的，惯常的 Every day the work begins with the ritual phrases of greeting. 每天的工作以例行的问候语开始。 2) n. [C, U] a method followed repeatedly in the same way every time 固定的程序 Wives make a ritual of their household duties. 家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。 6. convention 1) [C, U] (an example of) generally accepted practice, esp. with regard to social behavior 惯例，习俗，常规 By convention the leader is always a man. 按照惯例，领导总是由男人担任。 Wearing a coat and tie to a good restaurant is an accepted convention. 进入高级饭店要穿外套系领带是公认的规矩。 2) [C] meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc.大会 The convention decided on a new rule. 大会通过了一项新规定。 7. probe 1) v. examine (sth.) closely 刺探，查究，探究，彻底调查 The matter must be probed to the bottom. 这件事必须彻底调查。 She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她试图探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。 2) explore or examine (sth.) with or as if with a probe （用探针或探测器）检查，探查 The surgeon probed for the bullet in the man's back. 外科医师试图探查出那个男子背部的子弹。 3) n. [C] 探针，探子（医生用来检查伤口的一种钝头细长工具） Scientists put a probe into the muscle of the fish r to measure its body temperature. 科学家们把探针插入鱼的肌肉，以测量其体温。 4) [C] (esp. in news) complete and careful enquiry into sth. (尤为新闻用语) 刺探，彻底调查 a probe into the activities of drug dealers 对分子活动的调查 In their official probe, they found proof of wicked moral practices within the company. 他们在正式调查中，发现了这个公司内部腐败的证据。 8. saving [C] amount saved节省，贮存 (pl.) money saved up储蓄金 The new management had achieved even bigger savings. 新的管理部门实现了更大幅度的节约。 It took all our savings to buy the house. 买这房子花去了我们的全部积蓄。 9. labor-saving a. designed to reduce the amount of work or effort needed to do sth. 省工的，节省劳力的，减轻劳动的 Women like the washing machine as it is labor-saving. 女人们喜欢洗衣机，因为它能节省劳力。 A personal computer can be very labor-saving. 个人电脑能节省很多劳力。 10. electronic 1) produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的，电子操作的 an electronic address book 电子地址簿 an electronic game 电子游戏 2) concerned with electronic devices 和电子设备（如计算机）有关的 This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本。 11. obtain vt. get sth.; come to own or control sth. (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc.) 取得，获得，买到，借到 Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以从我们的总部获得更多的资料。 12.superb a. excellent; outstanding; wonderful 极好的；壮丽的，华美的 The view from my window is superb. 从窗外看去，景壮丽。 13. elapse vi. (of time) pass （指时间）过去，逝去 Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job. 他大学毕业已有四年光阴，却仍未到工作。 14. fulfill 1) vt. 1.perform (sth.) or bring (sth.) to a completion 履行，执行，完成 A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. 护士在护理病人时要履行许多职责。 2) satisfy (sth.); answer 满足；与... ... 相符 The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who live in the countryside. 流动图书馆满足了乡村居民的重要需求。 Phrases 1.result in : have as a result, cause 致使，导致，造成... ... 的结果 Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力取得了成功。 The game resulted in another victory by our team. 比赛结果，我们队又取得了胜利。 2. nothing but 只有，除... ... 以外什么也不 I want nothing but the best for my children. 我只希望能把最好的给予我的孩子们。 The story was nothing but lies. 这个故事只不过是一通谎言而已。 3. account for: explain the cause of sth. 解释，说明 Please account for your conduct. 请解释你的行为。 How do you account for losing such a large sum of money? 你怎样说明为什么损失了这么大一笔钱？ 4.charge for : ask (an amount) as a price 收费，要价，索价 I'm not going there again - they charged me $1 for a cup of coffee! 我再也不去那里了，他们一杯咖啡要了我一美元！ How much does the hotel charge for a room? 这家旅馆一个房间要收多少钱？ 5. in a rush : in a hurry 匆忙的 I'm in such a rush that I can't stop. 我忙得手脚不闲，停不下来。 Everybody is always in a rush to get ready in the mornings. 每天早上，每个人的准备工作都总是很匆忙的。 6. under pressure : be influenced; be forced 在压力下，在强力下 She doesn't usually shout; she must be under pressure. 她通常不会大声嚷嚷 ；她一定是压力太大了。 He only agreed to leave the country under pressure. 他只是在压力下才同意出国。 7. go with : exist or take place at the same time; be found together 同时发生，伴随 Money does not always go with happiness. 有钱并不总是幸福。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 做了父亲就有了责任。 8. work at : put effort into （sth. or doing sth.）; engage in some activity 工作，从事于，钻研 I've been working at my essay all day. 我整天都在不停地写文章。 You will have to work at the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination. 如果你想要通过考试，就得努力攻克你英文方面的薄弱环节。 9.save for keep sth. for future use; not use up (sth.) 储存，储蓄 Save your strength for the hard work you'll have to do later. 养精蓄锐以应付今后你得去从事的繁重工作。 Can you save it for later? 你能不能把这留到以后（等我空闲的时候）告诉我？ 11. at hand 1) being considered正考虑的 the matter at hand, 正在审议的事 2) near in time or position 在附近，在手边，临近的 We want to make sure that help is at hand for all children in hunger. 我们想确保所有挨饿的孩子都能很快地得到帮助。 Remember to keep a note-book at hand all the time. 记住要随时带好笔记本。 12. in person: physically present 亲身，亲自 The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. 获胜者将亲自去那里领奖。 I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person. 我以前在电视上见过她，但当我和她面对面相见时却看上去很不一样。 13.due to : as a result of, caused by, because of 由于，因为 His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the way. 他之所以迟到是因为路上车辆太多。 14. be worthy of : (should) be given (sth.) 值得的，配得上的 Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力值得你们的支持。 Two points in this report are especially worthy of notice. 这篇报告中有两点尤其值得注意。 Language Points 1. Americans believe no one stands.(Para.1) Meaning: Americans believe no one keeps motionless; everyone moves. 2. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.(Para. l) Meaning: Americans use two things with great care (or: Americans never waste two things): One is time and the other is labor. The structure is: subject + V-ing (or: V-ed). This type of clause can also be put at the beginning of the whole sentence. No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 会议没有作进一步讨论就结束了。 Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting room.吃完午饭，所有客人都回到起居室。 4. We are slaves to nothing but (Para. 2) Meaning: We are under the control of time only and nothing else, or we are only dominated slave to sth.: a person who is being completely influenced or dominated by something a slave to drink 酒鬼 a slave to money 金钱的奴隶 nothing but: only He did nothing but complain. 他只是抱怨，别的什么都不干。 5. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it.(Para. 2) Meaning: We plan how to spend it, save it, waste it, spend it more efficiently, find ways to pass it quickly, reduce it, explain how we use it; we also ask money for it. In this sentence, "time" is used metaphorically as something of real value. 6. ...everyone is in a rush--often under pressure. (Para. 3) Meaning: everyone is doing things in a hurry, because they are often under pressure to do so. in a rush: in a hurry 7. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. (Para. 3) Meaning: Eating their meals hurriedly during the day is part of America's fast pace of life. race through: do something in a hurry You'd better not race through it, you should pay attention to the details。 你最好别那么一目十行地看，你该注意一下细节。 8. Don't take it personally. (Para. 3) Meaning: Don't let it upset you (because they treat everybody this way; or because they are not doing this to you in particular). personally: feel that a failure or unpleasant situation is your fault and be upset about it Don't take the disparaging remarks personally. 别以个人轻视态度来评论。 9. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (Para. 4) Meaning: They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges (with the person who invited them) that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common practice on similar occasions in their own country. go with: exist or take place at the same time with something else Rights always go with obligations. 权利总是伴随义务。 10. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended (Para. 4) Meaning: Usually Americans do not judge or evaluate their visitors in relaxed places (such as restaurants or coffee houses) during long, 11. .... much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the (Para. 4) Meaning: ... it is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to Note that the phrase "much less" is often used after a negative statement, to indicate that the statement is truer of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention. He can hardly understand English much less French. 你几乎不懂英语，更不用说法语了。 12. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (Para. 4) Meaning: Since in most cases we evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of from a social one, we start talking business very quickly (and there is no need to spend time on small talk and the like). 13. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. (Para. 4) Meaning: Therefore, we are always aware of time. It is just like the constant sound of a clock that we hear. 14. Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. (Para. 5) Meaning: As a result, we try our best to save time. consequently: ad. as a result They were consequently unable to meet their own engagements. 他们因而无力偿还其债务。 work at: put effort into something or doing something 15. .... especially given our traffic-filled streets. (Para. 5) Meaning: ... especially when we take into account our busy streets that are often full of traffic. 16. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings. (Para. 5) Meaning: So, if we want to pay a personal visit, we can do it after work or on the weekend when there are social gatherings. for: keep.., for future use Save your pity for the living. 省着你的怜悯留给活人吧。 17. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. (Para. 6) Meaning: To us, the lack of personal feelings of electronic communication has little or no relation to the importance of the matter we are discussing. 18. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to face conversation. (Para. 6) Meaning: In some countries, important business must be carried out with eye contact, and through face-to-face conversation. 19.However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to (Para. 6) Meaning: However, people are meeting more and more through television, holding teleconferences to 20.This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. (Para. 7) Meaning: This is partly because of the fact that the telephone service is excellent here, but by contrast the postal service is not so good. 5-6 Period 21resolve to do sth. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (Para. 8) Meaning: If they don't spend some time dealing with a certain task, it will give the impression, in their opinion, that the task being considered is not important or not properly respected. 22. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. (Para. 8) Meaning: as a result, people think that assignments are gaining additional importance with the passing of time. The word "weight" here is used as an uncountable noun metaphorically to mean "importance". 习惯用语 attach weight to sth. 重视 by weight 按重量计算 feel the weight of sth. 感到...的压力 gain [lose] weight 增加[减少]体重 give weight to 重视; 加强..., 为...提出强有力的证据 have weight with(sb.) 对(某人)有影响 lay weight on sth. 强调; 认为...具有特殊意义 lift [take]a weight off sb.'s mind 解除某人的心头负担 of great [little] weight 有重大[很小]意义的(指论证); 非常有[无]势力的(指人) pull one's (own) weight 尽自已的一份力量 put on weight 体重增加, 发胖 throw one's weight about [口]滥用权势, 仗势欺人 throw one's weight (into the balance) 投入自己的全部力量或影响 under weight 过轻; 重量不足(与over相反) under the weight of 在...重压下, 迫于... 23. In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. (Para. 8) Meaning: In the US, however, if you can solve a problem or do a job quickly, you will be considered a person having skills or ability. 24. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving". (Para. 8) Meaning: Usually, if a job is more important, people will put in more money, effort, and attention in order to get it done. Ⅵ Text Summary （讲解 课件） Americans regard time as a precious resource and work hard to save time: using labor-saving devices and modern communications. It is regarded as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully with speed. Ⅶ Writing （示范 板书） Step One: Ask the students to have a close look at the Text Structure Analysis sample on Page 13. The teachers can make some comments on this kind of writing skills. Step Two: Ask the students to do the writing exercise on Page 14 in pairs but they just need to make an outline of the topics listed on Page 15. They can also think of some other topics. Then ask five groups of students to present their outlines. Note: The students will be given 20 minutes to do this exercise. And the teachers can encourage them to think of as many details and reasons as possible. At the same time, the teachers should guide the students to select the appropriate details and reasons to support the General Statement. Ⅷ Exercise Explanation （讲解 课本） P9 Fill in the blanks. P12 Translation | ||||
课后分析 | We can use this text as a good example of cultural difference between China and America. | |||
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