高一英语导学案
选BOOK3 unit 4 word study
博学 笃行 创新 自强
Reading and thinking
Key words
1. adversity n. 困境,逆境
As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue. 烈火炼真金,逆境见美德。
2. wage n. 工资 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱
low/ high wages 低薪/ 高薪
salary 常指教师、经理、医生、等专业工作的月薪。
pay 指做完具体工作给的报酬
wage vt. 开始;发动
wage a campaign / war 发起运动/ 发动战争
3. bitter adj. ① (味道) 苦的
Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 良药苦口
The roots of the education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.
教育的根是苦的,但是果实是甜的。 ——亚里士多德
come out with a bitter smile 苦笑着出来
② [只用于名词前] 辛酸的,痛苦的
bitter tears / a bitter experience 辛酸的眼泪/ 痛苦的经历
③充满仇恨的
He was bitter about losing the job. 他丢了工作,心里愤愤不平。
④ 严寒的;
bitter cold 严寒
bitter wind 刺骨寒风
bitterly adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其
4. endurance n. 忍耐力,耐久力
beyond endurance忍无可忍
an endurance test 一场耐力测试
endure v. 容忍,忍耐
can't endure doing/ to do sth. 不能容忍做某事
He can't endure being defeated. = He can’t endure to be defeated.他无法忍受失败。
5. vigour n.精力;力量;活力
a young boy with plenty of vigour 一个充满活力的小伙子
He worked with renewed vigour and determination
他将重燃起来的活力和决心投人到工作中。
vigorous adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的;强健的
take vigorous exercise for several hours a week 每小时做几个小时的剧烈运动
a vigorous young man 身强力壮的年轻人
6. qualified adj. 有资格的,称职的,具备.....知识的 (技能、学历等)
(1)
(2) qualify vt.(使)具备资格;(使)合格
(3) qualification n.资格;资历 [常用复数]
He has no formal teaching qualifications. 他没有正规的教学资历证明。
7.
be enthusiastic about对……很热情
①
have enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事的热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地
full of enthusiasm 充满热情
②……的人;爱好者
③enthusiastically adv. 热情地;热心地
8. assign vt. ① 分配 (某物), 布置 (工作,任务等)
assign homework 布置作业
assign sb sth / assign sth to sb. 把....分配给某人
② 委派,指派
assign sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事
assign sb. (to sth./as sth.) 指定;指派
assignment ① (分配的) 任务,作业
complete a class assignment
② 分配,指派
assignment of the various tasks. 各种任务的分配
9. envy vt.. 羡慕,忌妒
envy sb doing sth.
I envy you having a such a close family. 我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
I felt envy at/ of his success. 我羡慕他的成功。
envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事
envy sb for sth. 因某事而羡慕某人
envy n. 嫉妒,羡慕,羡慕的对象/ 目标
be the envy of sb. 是令……某人羡慕/ 嫉妒的对象
out of envy 出于嫉妒
envious adj.羡慕的,忌妒的
enviable adj. 令人感到羡慕的
Translate : Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein studies show unpleasant consequences. (2019高考)
________________________________________________________________________
10. sink 沉没,下沉 vt. 使下沉,使沉没--sank or sunk; sunk
sink to the bottom of 沉到·.....的底部
sink behind 落到……后面
the sinking sun 落日
sink 一词多义:倒下; 坐下(尤因疲倦或虚弱);陷入
sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上
sink into poverty 陷人贫困中
sink to the ground 倒在地上
with a sinking feeling 有一种沉沦的感觉resolve to do sth
was sunk in thought 陷人沉思
At the bad news that he would be put on trial, his heart sank.听到他要受审的坏消息,他的心一沉。
sink n. 面盆,洗碗池=washbasin
11. abandon vt. 放弃,遗弃, 离弃
(1) abandon one's hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon 沉溺于……, 纵情于……
(2) with abandon放纵地;放任地
(3) abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的;废弃的
12. blanket n. 毯子
a blanket of snow /fog 厚厚的一层雪/雾
vt. 以厚层覆盖
Snow soon blanketed the frozen ground. 冻土上很快就覆盖上了一层厚厚的积雪。
a wet blanket 一个扫兴的人,泼冷水的人
13. belongings n. 财产;所有物;相关事物
personal belongings 个人物品 [常用复数]
sense of belonging 归属感
belong to sb. 属于某人
注意:belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。
China is a country _________ (belong) to the Third World.
14. miserable adj. 痛苦的,令人难受的
miserable housing condition 恶劣的住房条件
look miserable 一幅闷闷不乐的样子
miserably adv. 痛苦地,令人难受地
a miserably cold day 令人难受的寒冷天气
15. make it 准时到达;获得成功;设法做成
make it to (尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上
make it to the airport just in time 及时到达机场联
make up 编造;化妆;和好;组成
make up for 补偿;弥补
make sense 讲得通;有意义
make one’s way 前往
make the most of 充分利用
According to the timetable, the train is due to leave in five minutes. We’ll never make it.
根据时间表,火车再有5分钟就开了,我们绝对赶不上了。
16. decent adj. 相当不错的,正派的,得体的
a decent meal/ job / place to live
ordinary, decent, hard-working people 勤劳,正派的普通人
a decent funeral 体面的葬礼
17. selfish adj. 自私的
selfish behavior 自私的行为
selfishly adv. 自私地
selfless adj, 无私的
work selflessly 无私的工作
selfless devotion to their work 他们对工作无私的奉献
n. selfishness 自私
18. hold on 等一等,坚持住,(电话用语)别挂断
hold on until help arrives 坚持直到援助到来
hold 抓紧,不松开
hold on to my arm抓住我的手臂联
hold back 阻止;抑制(眼泪等)
hold up 延迟,阻碍
I wanted to give up, but Dad encouraged me ________(hold) on.
我想放弃,但爸爸鼓励我坚持下去
He held on ______ the rock to stop himself slipping.
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