more than 与 less than 及其相关词组
一、more than
1. more than 可放在数词之前,表示“超过;不止;以上”,用于此义时可与 over 互换使用。如:
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整个说来,我们这个星球的表面有百分之七十以上为水所覆盖。
2. more than 可放在名词之前,表示“不只是;不仅仅”。
Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。
Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。
3. more than 可用于形容词或副词前,表示“非常;十分”,与 very 同义。
She is more than careful. 她非常细心。
In class, he listens more than attentively.在课堂上,他听讲十分认真。
4. more than 之后接带有 can 的从句时,常表示否定意义,意思为“难以”“不能”。此时,从句中的谓语必须是及物动词,并且与句子的主语发生逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
This secret is more than we can let out. 这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。(this secret是let out的逻辑宾语)
That is more than I can tell (=I can’t tell that). 那事我实在不明白。(that是tell的逻辑宾语)
二、less than
与more than意思相反,主要用法有:
1. 用于两者比较,意为“比……少”。如:
I earn less than he does. 我比他钱挣得少。
She eats less than a bird. 她的食量比小鸟还少。
The young man is less than twenty years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。
2. 指数量上“少于”“不足”。如:
It costs less than $5. 这值不了5美元
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I’ll see you in less than three weeks. 要不了3周我就能再见到你了。
3. 表示轻微的否定,意为“不很”“并不是太”,一般接形容词、副词。如:
The job was less than perfect. 这工作不十分理想。
The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子并不很高兴。
We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. 那天我们很忙,不高兴有客人来。
 
、more…than
1. 用于和多音节形容词或副词构成比较级,表示“比……多”“比……更”。如:
It was more expensive than I thought. 这比我预料的昂贵多了。
Tim violin is more difficult than the piano. 拉小提琴比弹钢琴更为困难。
John drove much more carefully than Tim did. 约翰开车比吉姆小心得多。
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注:more有时本身就是比较级,后接可数或不可数名词。如:
His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽车所花的钱比我的多得多。
There are many more people than we expected. 比我们想象的人要多得多。
I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。
Last year there were more births than deaths. 去年的出生人数多于死亡人数。
注:若moremuchmany的修饰(用于加深比较程度),则应分别与不可数和可数名词连用。如:
His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽车所花的钱比我的多得多。
There are many more people than we expected. 比我们想象的人要多得多。
2. 表示“与其……不如……”;“是……而不是……”,常可与 rather than 或 not so much…as 互换使用。
He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。
It is even more a poem than a picture. 与其说它是一幅画,倒不如说它是一首诗。
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He is more poltroon than cautious. 与其说他谨慎不如说他是怯懦。
注:该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较(比较级必须 more,不能用形容词加词尾 -er 的形式)
3. more…than 之后接含有 can 的从句同样表示否定意义。
Tom has more insolence than I can stand. =Tom’s insolence is more than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。
、less…than
1. 表示“不像……,不如……”。如:
He is less honest than his brother. 他不如他哥哥聪明。
This film is less interesting than that one. 这部电影不如那部电影有趣。
2. 表示“比……少”“不如……多”。如:
We drink less coffee than tea. 我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。
We have less rainfall here than in Shanghai. 我们这儿的降雨量比上海少。
3. 表示“与其……不如……”。如:
I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend. 与其说我把他当作老师,不如说我是把他当作朋友。
 
、no more than 或 not any more than
两者意思均为“只有;仅仅;不过”(= only/ just)。
Abram Lincoln’s whole school education added up to no more than one year. 亚伯拉罕·林肯所受的全部学校教育总共不过一年。
I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过五元。
This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验需时不超过30分钟。
注:有时比较级不是more,而是其他形式的比较级。一般说来,no+比较级+than=as +与比较级意义相反的形容词的原形+as。如:
Her French was no better than mine. 她的法语跟我一样差。
Their house is no bigger than ours. 他们的房子跟我们的一样小。
She looks no older than her daughter. 她看起来跟她女儿一样年轻。
六、 no less than
1. 表示“多达”“有……之多”,用于强调数量之多。如:
No less than a thousand people came. 来的人竟然有上千人之多。
He won no less than $5000 in the lottery. 他居然中了5000美元的奖券。
In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 在那一次战役中,我们
消灭敌人不下两万人。
2. 表示“简直”“与……没差别”。如:
It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要求多么多,简直跟抢劫没两样。
Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable. 运动服和西服套一样,非常畅销。
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3. 表示“原来就是”“正是”。如:
He was no less than the mayor. 他原来就是市长。
Good heavens! It’s no less a person than the president! 天哪!原来真的是总统啊!
 
、no more … than 或 not … any more than
less is more大道至简1. 表示“和……一样都不……”,意味着否定两者,其作用相当于 neither … nor。如:
Mary is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 玛丽和汤姆俩人都不勤奋。
She’s no more a great singer than I am. 我不是优秀歌手,她也不是。
Tom is no more rich than Jack is. 杰克不是有钱人,汤姆也不是。
I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。
He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是数学家一样,他也不是艺术家。
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He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家,也不是作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)
He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)

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