2021年6月英语四级真题及答案解析（第一套）
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For , you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled ''Are people becoming addicted to technology?". The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Numerous studies claim that addiction to technology is real and it has the same eff ect on the brain as drug addiction.
Part Il Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
1.A) Enrolhim in a Newcastle football club.C)Forbid him to draw in his workbook.
B)Send him to an after-school art class.D)Help him post his drawings online.
2.A) Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.
B)Hired Joe to paint all the walls of its buildings.
C)Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms.
D)Asked Joe for permission to use his online drawings.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
3.A) Get her pet dog back.C)Identify the suspect on the security video.
B)Beg for help from the police.D)Post pictures of her pet dog on social media.
4.A) It is suffering a great deal from the incident.
B)It is helping the police with the investigation.
C)It is bringing the case to the local district court.
D)It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
5.A) Provide free meals to the local poor.C)Help eliminate class difference in his area.
B)Help people connect with each other.D)Provide customers with first-class service.
6.A) It does not supervise its employees.C)It does not use volunteers.
B)It donates regularly to a local charity.D)It is open round the clock.
7.A) They will realise the importance of communication.
B)They will come to the cafe even more frequently.
C)They will care less about their own background.
D)They will find they have something in common.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A) A surprise party for Paul's birthday.C)Preparations for Saturday's get-together.
B)Travel plans for the coming weekend.D)The new market on the other side of town.
9.A) It makes the hostess's job a whole lot easier.
B)It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.
C)It saves considerable time and labor.
D)It requires fewer tables and chairs.
10.A) It offers some big discounts.C)It is more spacious and less crowded.
B)It is quite close to her house.D)It sells local wines and soft drinks.
11.A) Cook a dish for the party.C)Prepare a few opening remarks.
B)Arrive 10 minutes earlier.D)Bring his computer and speakers. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A) For commuting to work.
B)For long-distance travel.
13.A) They are reliable.
B)They are compact.
14.A) Buy a second-hand car. -�t T lll_s! her ownjudg�e_!lt.
15.A) He sells new cars.
B)He can be trusted. Section C C)For getting around in Miami.
D)For convenience at weekends.
C)They are spacious.
D)They are easy to drive.
C)Seek advice from his friend.
D)Look around before deciding.
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C)He is starting a business.
D)He is a successful car dealer.
Directions: In this section , you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage , you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question ,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A) Many escaped from farms and became wild.
B)They were actually native to North America.
C)Many got killed in the wild when searching for food.
D)They were hunted by Spanish and Russian explorers.
17.A) They often make sudden attacks on people.
B)They break up nature's food supply chain.
C)They cause much environmental pollution.
D)They carry a great many diseases.
18.A) They lived peacefully with wild pigs.C)They fell victim to eagles.
B)They ran out of food completely.D)They reproduced quickly. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A) Taste coffee while in outer space.C)Develop a new strain of coffee bean.
B)Roast coffee beans in outer space.D)Use a pressurised tank to brew coffee.
20.A) They can easily get burned.C)They have to be heated to 36D°C.
B)They float around in the oven.D)They receive evenly distributed heat.
21.A) They charged a high price for their space-roasted coffee beans.
B)They set up a branch in Dubai to manufacture coffee roasters.
C)They collaborated on building the first spacC;! coffee machine.
D)They abandoned the attempt to roast coffee beans in space.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A) It is the best time for sightseeing.C)They come to clean the Iditarod Trail.
B)A race passes through it annually.
23.A) Its children's baking skills.
B)Its unique winter scenery.
24.A) The contestants.
B)The entire village.
25.A) She owned a restaurant in Idaho.
'B) She married her husband in 1972.
Part ][ Section A Reading Comprehension
D)It is when the villagers choose a queen.
C)Its tasty fruit pies.
D)Its great food variety.
C)Jan Newton and her friends.
D)People from the state of Idaho.
C)She went to Alaska to compete in a race.
D)She helped the village to become famous.
( 40 minutes)
Directions: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .
Most animals seek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Desert soar to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. But for the Saharan silver ant, ___1L from their underground nests into the sun's brutal rays to _JJ__ for food, this is the perfect time to seek lunch. In 2015 these ants were joined in the desert by scientists from two Belgian universities, who spent a month in the � heat tracking the ants and digging out their nests. The goal was simple, to discover how the� adapted to the kind of heat that can� melt the bottom of shoes.
Back in Belgium, the scientists looked at the ants under an electronic microscope and found that their _l!_, triangular hair reflects light like a prism (�4.t), giving them a metallic reflection and protecting them from the sun's awful heat. When Ph.D. student Quentin Willot 32 the hair from an ant with a � knife and put it under a heat lamp, its temperature jumped.
The ants' method of staying cool is _l!_ among animals. Could this reflective type of hair protect people? Willot says companies are interested in _lL these ants' method of heat protection for human use, including everything from helping to protect the lives of firefighters to keeping homes cool in summer.
A)adapting
B)consciously
C)crawling
D)crowded
E)extreme Section B F)hunt
G)literally
H)moderate
I)remote
J)removed
K)species
L)specimens
M)thick
N)tiny
0)unique
Directions: In this section, you are going to reaa a passage with ten statements attached to it. &eh statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. &eh paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The start of high school doesn't have to be stressful
A)This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school. Many will do well.
But many will not. Consider that nearly two-thirds of students will experience the "ninth-grade shock," which refers to a dramatic drop in a student's academic performance. Some students cope with this shock by avoiding challenges. For instance, they may drop difficult coursework. Others may experience a hopelessness that results in failing their core classes, such as English, science and math.
B)This should matter a great deal to parents, teachers and policymakers. IBtimately it should matter to
the students themselves and society at large, because students' experience of transitioning (lii./t) to the ninth grade can have long-term consequences not only for the students themselves but for their home communities. We make these observations as research psychologists who have studied how schools and families can help young people thrive.
C)In the new global economy, students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades. in college
preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs. One study has cal
culated that the lifetime benefit to the local economy for a single additional student who completes high school is half a million dollars or more. This is based on higher earnings and avoided costs in health care, crime, welfare dependence and other things.
D)The consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students' ability to find a
good job. It can also impact the extent to which they enjoy life. Students lose many of the friends they turned to for support when they move from the eighth to the ninth grade. One study of ninth-grade students found that 50 percent of friendships among ninth graders changed from one month to the next, signaling striking instability in friendships.
E)In addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in
depression of any year over the lifespan. Researchers think that one explanation is that ties to friends are broken while academic demands are rising. Furthermore, most adult cases of clinical depression first emerge in aaolescence ( -t $-J.Jl) . The World Health Organization reports that depression has the greatest burden of disease worldwide, in terms of the total cost of treatment and the loss of productivity.
F)Given all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be
done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school. So far, our studies have yielded one main insight: Students' beliefs about change-their beliefs about whether people are stuck one way forever, or whether people can change their personalities and abilities-are
related to their ability to cope, succeed academically and maintain good mental health. Past research has called these beliefs "mindsets ( ,'� if!:tl�)," with a "fixed mindset" referring to the belief that people cannot change and a "growth mindset" referring to the belief that people can change.
G)In one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the nature of "smartness"-that is,
their fixed mindsets about intelligence. We then assessed biological stress responses for students whose grades were dropping by examining their stress hormones ( 1if t �) .Students who believed that intelligence is fixed-that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school-showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade. If students believed that intelligence could improve-that is to say, when they held more of a growth mindset of intelligence-they showed lower levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining. This was an exciting result because it showed that the body's stress responses are not determined solely by one's grades. Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among studen
ts who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs. H)We also investigated the social side of the high school transition. In this study, instead of teaching
students that their smartness can change, we taught them that their social standing-that is, whether they are bullied or excluded or left out-can change over time. We then looked at high school students' stress responses to daily social difficulties. That is, we taught them a growth mindset about their social lives. In this study, students came into the laboratory and were asked to give a public speech in front of upper-year students. The topic of the speech was what makes one popular in high school. Following this, students had to complete a difficult mental math task in front of the same upper-year students.
I)Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor
stress responses. When these students gave the speech, their blood vessels contracted and their hearts pumped less blood through the body-both responses that the body shows when it is preparing for damage or defeat after a physical threat. Then they gave worse speeches and made more mistakes in math. But when students were taught that people can change, they had better responses to stress, in part because they felt like they had the resources to deal with the demanding situation. Students who got the growth mindset intervention ( f-f»i) showed less-contracted blood vessels and th
eir hearts pumped more blood-both of which contributed to more oxygen getting to the brain, and, ultimately, better performance on the speech and mental math tasks.
J)These findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further. First, �e are working to replicate (i.. 11i tJ) these findings in more diverse school communities. We want to know in which types of schools and for which kinds of students these growth mindset ideas help young people adapt to the challenges of high school. We also hope to learn how teachers, parents or school counselors can help students keep their ongoing academic or social difficulties in perspective. We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students starting the ninth grade.
36.The number of people experiencing depression shows a sharp increase in the first year of high school.
37.According to one study, students' academic performance is not the only decisive factor of their stress
responses.
38.Researchers would like to explore further how parents and schools can help ninth graders by changing
their mindset.
less is more代言人39.According to one study, each high school graduate contributes at least 500, OOO dollars to the local
economy.

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