第八章英翻译技巧（五）正说反译反说正译
正说反译、反说正译的应用
不论是正说反译还是反说正译，究其原因归纳起来主要是：保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯，保证译文通畅易懂。
所谓反面表达，是指英语词句中含有“not”，“never”，“no”，“un-”，“im-”，“ir-”，“in-”，“less-”等否定成分，汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份，不含这些成份的为正面表达。
（一）正说反译的应用
1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义，常见的有：Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge（怨恨，不情愿做）, disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack.
I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音，我没听清楚你说的话。
To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。
2.介词或介词短语含否定之意，常见的词有：
Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。
Learn how to be instead of do.要学习如何做人，而不是做事。
The question is above the five-yea-old boy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨，我们会早到了。
All international disputes must be settled through negotiations instead of any armed conflicts.
一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。
3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定，意思否定，例如absent (from), free from, safe from, different (from), far from, few, little，alien to，anything but, know better than（明白而不至于）, too…to…, rather than，
awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的、不舒服的)，blind to (看不到、不注意)，dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的)，difficult(不容易的)，foreign to(不适于，与……无关)，short of(不足，不够)，poor(不好的，不幸的)，ignorant of(不懂)
He knows better than to do such a thing.他不至于干这样的事。
His work is far from satisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。
The problem is anything but easy.这个问题可决不容易。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋
4.含有if, before, unless，would rather 的从句或虚拟语气的句子，如:
Jump down from the roof of the building. If you dare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。
She will die of hunger before she steals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。
I would rather die before I would betray my country.我宁可死，也不背叛我的祖国。
The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。
5、许多英语习语从正面表达，习惯上却从反面加以翻译，如:
He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday.
他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。
Leave me alone！别管我！Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头，不做凤尾。
（二）反说正译的应用
１.双重否定
You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得/不破不立
We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.    我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。
Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。
less is more 翻译There is no evil without compensation. 恶有恶报。
He can hardly open his mouth without talking shop. 他一开口总是三句话不离本行。
２．否定的形式表示肯定的意思　
Your article will be published in no time.你的文章很快就会刊发的。
I couldn't feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。I couldn't agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。
If that isn’t what I want！我所要的就是这个呀！He can't see you quick enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。课后练习：
take French leave不辞而别　beyond dispute无可争论frost/Freon-free refrigerator无霜冰箱
an ice-free harbour不冻港Keep upright切勿倒置Free from anxiety无忧无虑
Free from arrogance and rashness不骄不躁。wet Paint！油漆未干！
I won’t keep you waiting long.我一会而就回来。Crew only !闲人莫入！
No Admittance ！禁止入内！/谢绝参观！Hold the line, please！请别挂断！
Be generous with your praise!不要吝惜对他人的赞扬。
No deposit（存款，定金）will be refunded unless ticket produced.凭票退回押金。
I have read your article. I expected to meet an older man.拜读了您的大作，没想到您这样年轻。
As the saying goes, “ Men only weep when deeply hurt.”俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。There is not any advantage without disadvantage有一利必有一弊。Keep Off the Grass 请勿践踏草坪
He is the last man to accept a bribe.他决不会接受贿赂。
He has a short memory. 他记性不好。He yelled “freeze!”他喊到“别动！”
It's too dark here for us to read the words on this slip of paper.这里光线太暗了，看不出这个便条上写的字。There is no rule that has no exception.任何规则都有例外。Opportunity knocks but once.机不可失
It never rains but it pours.不下则已，一下倾盆/不鸣则已一鸣惊人.
The sea food goes against my stomach.海鲜不合我口味。
His speech leaves no room to improvement.他的演讲完美之至。
Children were excluded from getting in the building.儿童不许进入这个房间。
As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.
结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸福的源泉。
Her child was in a terrible state of neglect.她的孩子简直没人管。
The window refuses to open.窗户打不开。He is no more than a puppet.他只是一个傀儡。
A poor man is no less a citizen than a rich man. 穷人、富人都是人。
Nothing is more precious than life.生命最可贵。He can' t be more careless.他太粗心了。
Don' t lose time in posting this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。
Bite off more than one can chew.贪多嚼不烂。
Let sleeping dogs lie.莫惹事生非。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
Call a spade a spade.直言不讳。a dog in the manger占着茅坑不拉屎。
That’s all Greek to me.这我一窍不通。
The music is like nothing on the earth.此曲只应天上有。
When you called on me this morning, I was still in bed. 你早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床。
His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.
他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。
She was deaf to all advice.她什么劝告都不听。
It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.也只有信才能要这么高的价格。

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