No.1春节是中国的农历新年,春节的日期按农历而定,通常出现在公历二月前半期的某一天,大吃大喝历来是春节的主要内容。除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外,人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴,例如北京的饺子、上海的八宝饭和广州的米羹。全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。“年糕”这个词里的“糕”字与“高”谐音,寓意来年“节节高”。
No.1 The Spring Festival, the Chinese lunar New Year, is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs some time in the first half of February. Customarily, lavishly consuming food and drink is a major activity. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, regional custom dictates the preparation and consumption of traditional favorites, for example, jiaozi (boiled dumplings) in Beijing, babaofan (a steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding) in Shanghai, and the soup of small rice-balls (cooked with pork and chicken) in Guangzhou. Throughout China, niangao (literally meaning the “year cake”, a thick steamed pudding of glutinous rice flour) is made in a great variety of shapes and flavors. The character gao in the word niangao is homonymous with the word “high”, suggesting “growing up and prospering” in the new year.
No.2筷子是中餐座上最有特的用餐工具。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种可以将饭从碗中逐口送入口中的最简单同时也是最有效的工具。早在周朝时期(公元前11世纪~公元前3世纪)筷子便被人们用来夹取荤、蔬菜,而米饭则用手来取而食之。全国各地的筷子大小基本一样,而用材的种类则各有不同,选材包括竹子、木材、漆器、玉石、象牙、塑料、铝、银、金等。特长的筷子通常为厨房用筷。过去人们用嵌有银器的木块来测试是否有人在餐中下毒,因为银器碰到一些有毒物品会起变反应。
No.2 Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive eating tool at the Chinese dining table. For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for transporting bite-size morsel of food from a bowl to the mouth. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty (11th-3rdcentury B.C.), chopsticks were used for picking up meat and vegetable, while hands were used for rice. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, lacquer, jade, ivory, plastic, aluminum, silver and gold. Special long bamboo chopsticks are generally used in the kitchen. In the past, wooden chopsticks inlaid with silver thread were used to test whether poison was put in a meal, since silver reacts to
a number of poisonous substances by changing its color.
No.3中国书法同其他书写形式有很大区别。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的艺术形式,其中包括甲骨铭文、青铜器铭文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。许多汉字属象形文字,长可葱自得形式揣知其义。无论是刀刻书法还是笔墨书法都可以通过自行的夸张取得艺术效果。因此书法一直是一门研究艺术。千百年来中国书法家倾注了大量的心血研究书法艺术的形式、规则及理论。他们的成果对朝鲜、日本和东南亚国家的 汉字书法家产生了巨大的影响。这些国家的书法家经常不断地访问中国,探索书法艺术。
less is more 翻译No.3 Chinese calligraphy is very different from other forms of writing. During their long history of development Chinese characters have evolved and been written into many different artistic styles, including the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells and on ancient bronze objects, the seal character, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.Many Chinese characters are pictographs and often the meaning of a particular character is apparent in the pictorial form of the character. Calligraphy, whether done with a knife or brush, can be rendered in ways that exaggerate the form, consequently yielding eff
ects of artistic beauty. Calligraphy, therefore, has been traditionally a subject of artistic study. Down through the centuries Chinese calligraphers have devoted substantive attention to studying the forms, laws and theories pertinent to the art of calligraphy. Moreover, their works have significantly influenced calligraphers of Chinese characters in Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. People from these countries regularly visit China in search of calligraphic art.
No.4由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”,这名称易滋误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境,一生的时间都嫌太短,所以古人皓首穷经,头发白了还是在继续研究,不过在这样的研究中确实有浓厚的趣味。
No.4 From primary school to secondary school, what has been learned is nothing but some basically common knowledge. Even what you are imparted during four-year university is also something superficial. Universities are usually referred to “the highest educational insti
tution” which tends to breed the illusion that there is no more to learn after university. The research institutes of universities are just the places where knowledge is primarily studied. But even there you get only the first taste of learning where emphasis is on research methodology and practice. There is no satiety in study, and one’s whole life is still not enough for learning. That’s why ancient people continued with study even when their hair had turned hoary. However, indeed there was strong interest in this process.
No.5中国是一个发展中国家,也是一个负责人的国家。中国愿意为推进合作共赢、实现可持续发展作出自己的贡献。中国保持经济快速健康发展,对全球经济及地区经济发展有利。改革开放20多年来,中国经济年均增长9.4%,不仅成功解决了十几亿人的温饱问题,而且使中国人民的生活总体上达到小康水平。当前,中国经济发展总的形势很好。虽然经济运行中出现了一些问题,但在我们的宏观调控下,一些不健康、不稳定因素已经得到了有效控制。
No.5 China is a developing country with a strong sense of responsibility. We are ready to make contribution to promote win-win cooperation for sustainable development. A sound and rapidly growing Chinese economy is helpful for the economic development of the regio
n and that of the world at large. With an average annual growth rate of 9.4% in the past 20-old years of reform and opening-up, China has succeeded in meeting the basic needs for food, clothing and shelter of its population and proving, on the whole, a moderately comfortable livelihood for its over one billion people. China’s economy right now is in good shape, though not problem-free. Thanks to our macro-economic measures, the unhealthy and unstable factors in the economy have been brought under effective control.
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