首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一郊区分校分班考试试题
英语2020.8
一、阅读理解（共32小题，每小题2分，共64分）
A
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools,wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another.The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go!We can make it back to the river we crossed today!”Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind.But Brady barked a sharp warning.Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track.They would never make it through that.The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke,and yet Steve was uneasy.It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly,Zach cried.“Zach!”Steve shouted.“Are you OK?Where are you?”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡).At its base,Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet,Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅)the smoke-laden wind.Next moment,the dog bounded away and disappeared.The boys shouted for him,but he didn’t come back.Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking.He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark,and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head,pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed.But Steve didn’t get it.Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling.The message was clear,but Steve hesitated.Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger.Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?
Nearby,a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke.Brady pulled again,urgently.“OK,big guy,”Steve gritted(咬紧牙关).Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees.Not far from them fire was touching underbrush.Several times the big dog stopped.Often he changed directions.Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest,but Brady wouldn’t have it.The dog bullied both boys to go on.How long they’d walked Steve had no idea.He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
1.What happened to Steve and Zach at first?
A.They got injured.
B.They lost their dog.
C.They were trapped.
D.They became separated.
2.Brady ran away to______.
A.seek help
B.find a way out
D.escape for life
3.How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?
A.Uneasy.
B.Impatient.
C.Numb.
D.Uncertain.
4.The passage basically describes________.
A.an adventure
B.an exploration
C.an escape game
D.a training program
B
Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator.In the ocean,that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者).But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.Why?
John Grady,an ecologist,and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢).Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher,colder places,there isn’t actually much more food around.It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.
The real explanation is simple.An animal’s speed,swiftness,and intelligence depend on its metabolism,which in turn depends on its temperature.Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions,they remain fast and attentive.By contrast,the fish they hunt become slower and duller.At some tipping point of temperature,seals,dolphins,and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物).They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words,“Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow,stupid and cold.”That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator,but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.By keeping food to themselves in the poles,these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey,which makes them more likely to split into separate species.The killer whales of the North Pacific,for example,include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating,year-round residents.
But the world is changing.It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by2to3℃within this century.Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by12%,and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.
But“predictions are hard,”Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes.“Polar bears are losers of a warming world,but some populations are still doing well.Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations;others are hunting in deeper,colder waters.These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow,stupid and cold.”
5.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?
A.Because there is more food.
B.Because there are fewer enemies.
C.Because they are faster and wiser.
D.Because they consume less energy.
6.The author mentions the killer whales to show______.
A.the benefit of biological evolution
B.food preference of different sea mammals
C.the distinction of specific types of predators
D.the advantage of constant body temperature
7.What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Neutral.
D.Sceptical.
8.Which is the best title for the passage?
A.Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?
B.How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?
C.Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?
D.Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?
C
Last fall,I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course.The demands of his major,he said seriously,meant he needed to take“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”would simply have to wait.For now, employability was the most important.
The students’conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education.In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation,sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction.
Actually,I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course.I would have started by reminding him that,for much of America’s history,college graduates were not con
sidered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy,literature, political theory and history.The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice.Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.
I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market.It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills,but they also look for other capabilities.As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence,machine learning and automation,the unique human qualities of creativity,imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm.All these skills are developed in humanities courses.
Further,I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs,it is not the only route.Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn,Slack and Flickr,who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities,and who credit that training for their success.
Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of un
employment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction.The ratio between average median(中位数)incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering,and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.
The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived.A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life.It fosters critical thinking,self-reflection,empathy and tolerance,the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.
By all means,students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests,but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance,or researching into modern poetry,or even taking introductory philosophy,we will all benefit.
9.What do the students’conversation show?
A.Students feel employment difficult.
B.Students think philosophy less important.
C.Students find scientific innovation amazing.
D.Students consider university courses unsatisfying.
10.What does the underlined part in Paragraph4probably mean?
A.Highly valued.
B.Equally applied.
C.Strictly assessed.
D.Greatly improved.
11.The author may agree that humanities_____.
A.discover students’artistic ability
B.prepare students for graduation
C.raise awareness of social status
D.provide great insights into life
12.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?less is more英文理解
A B
C D
I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion
D
Flying High
Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization.His message for kids:“The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination,hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.”The secret,he believes,is having a dream in the first place,and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.
The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of15in his parents’bookstore.One customer,a professional pilot,asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot.“I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough;but the next day he took me to the cockpit(驾驶舱)of the commercial airplane he flew,and just like that I was hooked.”
To follow his dream,Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a$40flight simulator(模拟)video game.Then another dream took hold:flying alone around the world.He faced more than50rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components.He took off with no weather radar,no de-icing system, and just$30in his pocket.“I like to do things people say I can’t do.”
After97days,26stops and dozens of thunderstorms,he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami.“It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.”Irving has been doing it ever since.He set up his non-profit-making organization,Experience Aviation(航空),aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers.Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.
“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,”he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides.After landing his record-breaking flight at age23,he said,“Everyone told me I was too young,that I didn’t have enough experience,strength,or knowledge.They told me it would take forever and I’d never come uess what?”
13.According to Irving,what is the most important in achieving success?
A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help.
B.Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.
C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish.
D.Developing communication with different organizations.
14.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that______.
A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer
B.he was doubtful about his own abilities
C.he knew his efforts would be rewarded
D.he realized immediately how lucky he was
15.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph3?
A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.
B.He was finally given enough money to keep going.
C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.
D.He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.
16.Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because______.
A.he hoped to become a public figure
B.he expected to start a business in other fields
C.he saw there was great interest in what he was doing
D.he thought he could teach more than flight schools could
E
Training the Brain
People who can accomplish unbelievable tasks,such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour,state that they just have normal brains.Some memory superstars compete in Olympic-like World Memory Championships.These mental athletes,or MAs for short, can memorize names of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed them.Ed Cooke, a24-year-old MA,explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art of

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