形容词、副词的
原级、比较级、最高级用法
一、构成规则（规则变化和不规则变化）
1．规则变化
构成方法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
1、一般在词尾+er, est | tall short | taller shorter | tallest shortest |
2、以不发音的e结尾的+r, st | nice large | nicer larger | nicest largest |
3、重读闭音节、词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再+er, est | big fat thin hot wet | bigger fatter thinner hotter wetter | biggest fattest thinnest hottest wettest |
4、以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i，再+er, est | busy happy dirty heavy | busier happier dirtier heavier | busiest happiest dirtiest less is more英文理解heaviest |
5、部分双音节词和多音节词，在前面+more， most | useful careful important interesting difficult dangerous | more useful more careful more important more interesting more difficult more dangerous | most useful most careful most important most interesting most difficult most dangerous |
2、不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well bad/badly/ill many/much little far old | better worse more less farther / further older / elder | best worst most least farthest / furthest oldest / eldest |
注意（了解）：
farther、farthest 多指距离更… 如：He jumps farther than tom.
further、furthest多指程度上更… 如：further study “更深的学习或进一步研究”）
older、oldest 指新旧、年龄大小或年代久远 He is older than me.
elder、eldest 指（家庭成员中的）兄弟妹的长幼关系 This is my elder brother （哥哥）.
二、用法
1、原级用法：
①不作比较，原级前常用very，so，quite，too，pretty， kind of ，a little，a bit等修饰。This book is very interesting.
②同级比较： …… as + 原级 + as …… （…… 和……一样……）
…… not as/so +原级 + as …… （……不如…… ……）
例： He is as tall as me.
Tom is not as tall as Jim.
= Tom is than Jim.
= Jim is than Tom.
This book is not as interesting as that one.
= This book is interesting that one.
= That book is interesting this one.
2、比较级用法：
两个人/物进行比较。结构：…… 比较级 + than……，（表：…比…更…）
比较级前常用修饰词：much，a lot，far，even，still a little，a bit。
例：This book is much more interesting than that one.
We are 3 years older than Jim.
Tom is better than me at swimming.
=Tom is better at swimming than me.
注意：
①注意比较对象的一致：（人比人，物比物）
例： I have shorter hair than her.
=My hair is shorter than .
②比较级 and 比较级（结构：…er and …er,more and more…） 越来越……。
It is bigger and bigger.
Our school is more and more beautiful.
③the + 比较级……，the + 比较级…… 越……就越……。
A：How much do you want？
B：The more ，the better.
The harder you study ，the better grades you will get.
④the + 比较级 + of the two 两个中，有个更……
Tom is the taller of the two boys.
My mother is （ tall ）of my parents.
Lily is （outgoing） of the twins.
⑤more + 形/副，表示：…… 比…… 更……；
less + 形/副，表示：……不如…… ……（上下两句型可以互相转换）
Mary is more beautiful than Ruhua.
Ruhua is beautiful than Mary.
⑥数量比较： 较多…… more …… than……
较少…… fewer/less……than……
I have more books than you，and I have more money than you.
= You have books than me，and you have money than me.
⑦同类物进行比较： 后者名词 单数用the one，that one代替，复数用the ones， those ones 代替，不可数名词用 that 代替。
This book is newer than the one/that one on the desk.
These books are newer than the /those on the desk.
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Sichuan now.
⑧选择疑问句 常用句型： Which / Who + 动词 + 比较级，A or B ？
Which is better,the blue pen or the red pen？
Who is taller，Jim or Tom？
3、最高级用法：三者及以上的人/物进行比较，形容词最高级前必须带the，副词最高级前可以不带the，常见标志性短语为：of / in ……。
常见句型： Kate is the tallest girl of the three （girls）.
Kate is the tallest girl in her class.
注意：
①one of the + 最高级 + n复数，表示：最……之一。
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.
②the + 序数词 +最高级 + n单数，表示：第几长/宽/高……
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
③最高级选择疑问句常见现象
Which is the biggest city，Beijing ，Shanghai or Chengdu？
④最高级 转换为 比较级：
Jim is the tallest student in his class.
=Jim is taller than any other student in his class.
=Jim is taller than the other students in his class.
判断：Shanghai is larger than any city in China.(×、√)
更改方法： 比较级+than +any other+单数
+the other+复数
+anyone else
+any of the other+复数
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China.
Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.
Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu.
Mike is taller than _____in his class.
A. any boy B. all the boys
C. anybody D. any other boy
⑤形容词最高级前如果有my，our等形容词性物主代词 或名词所有格修饰时，不用the。Tom is my best friend，and I am Tom’s best friend.
三、其他句型（了解，会翻译就行）
1. A+倍数+as+原级+as+B
①Tom is twice as old as Kate. ②Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.
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