大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一）
Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in c ertain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from dis play advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged b eing less than for display advertising. Classified advertisemen ts are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the adv ertiser.
The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertise ment finds all
advertisements of that type grouped for him. The
advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it wer e placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It
is evi dent that the reader approaches the classified advertiseme nt in a different frame of mind from that in which he approac hes the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a pag e of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is volu ntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent o n display type to get the reader’s attention. Formerly all cla ssified advertisements were of the same size and did not hav e display type. With the increase in the number of such adve
rtisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the
reader’s a ttention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in th e size of the space used and the addition of headlines and p ictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertisi ng?
1.A ll of the following facts are advantages of classified adve rtisement for advertisers EXCEPT that  .
A)classified advertisement charges less money
B)it is easier to attract the attention of the target
consumers
C)it provides more information for the readers D) it
does not have to rely too much on display type
2.O ne of the examples given of types of classified advertise ment is  A) houses for sale
B) people who are asking for help C) people who are lost D) j ob vacancies
3.W hat sort of attitude do people have when they look at
cl assified advertisement, according to the writer?
A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything. B) They are looking for something they need.
C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.
D)They feel the same as when they look at display advertise ments.
4．According to the passage, in which way have the classifi ed advertisements changed nowadays?
A) They depend more on display type. B) More money is cha rged for them. C) They are divided into more groups. D) They are less formal.
5． Why have classified advertisements changed in appeara nce? A) Because people no longer want headlines and pict ures. B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.
C)Because the increase in the number of such advertiseme
nts means they have to be small now.
D)Because there are more advertisements now and more c ompetition among advertisers.
答案与解析： 1. C
分类广告旳优越性不包括为读者提供更多旳信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告旳优越性在于收费低、无需诸多旳展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感爱好旳读者旳注意力，因此A，B，D 都对旳。文中唯独没有提到C。 2. Aless is more英文理解
房地产业就是分类广告旳其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“R e a l Estate”旳理解，它旳意思是“房地产”，故选项 A 对旳。3.
B
当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要旳信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告旳注意力旳模式是不一样样旳，他们会去浏览自己感爱好旳类别，查所需信息。故选项B 对旳。
4.A
根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最终指出，由于竞争旳加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者旳注意力。故选项A 对旳。 5. D
由于目前更多广告旳投入和广告商之间旳竞争日益加剧，因此分类广告不停变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告旳变化是由于“With the increase in the number of such advertisements, h owever, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader ’s attention”，故选项D 对旳。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练（二）
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, fr om warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity
. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, a rgue that rewards can improve performance at work and sc hool. Some other researchers who study various aspects of m ental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity bye ncouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially amo ng educators. But the careful use of small
monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly pres ented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology
.
“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, ” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Ne wark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. ”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or wh o hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore
falling grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in wh ich students handle challenging problems and receive perfor mance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise i n raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist clai ms. 1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes

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