第十讲 肯定否定 抽象具体
●导入译例
Law is no respecter of persons.
法律面前，人人平等（法律不偏袒任何人）
无论你走到哪里，你都能看到广告
You cannot escape advertisements whenever you go
No cross, no crown.
没有十字架就没有皇冠  （没有付出就没有回报）
●转换原则----通顺
It’s an experience I wouldn’t trade for anything in the world.
这是我一生中最宝贵的经历
Ignorance of law excuses no man.
谁也不能以不懂法律为自己辩解
●转换原则----生动
We reached the conclusion here that the change cannot be put off.
我们的结论就是，改革是大势所趋
Don’t order me about like that. You know my name as well as I know yours.
别对我那么吆五喝六的，咱们谁不认得谁呀
●正说反译
“Shortness of time required omission of some states”, said the visiting president.
来访的总统说：“由于时间不足，没能访问有些国家”
He seemed at loss for the right word to express himself.
他似乎想不出恰当的字眼来表达自己
The window refuses to open.
窗子打不开
The explanation was rather thin.
这个解释很不充分
Wet paint!
油漆未干
Mind your own business!
别管闲事
The actor modeled between his roles.
这个演员不演戏的时候就当模特
●反说正译
What’s done cannot be undone.
事成定局，无法挽回
The three-year-old was able to undress himself.
这个小孩三岁就能自己脱衣服
John is a disgrace to the whole family.
John使整个家庭蒙羞
No smoking!  禁止吸烟        No dumping!  禁止倒垃圾
Post no bill!    禁止张贴
The monk is only not a dead man.  这和尚跟死人一样
The idea of going abroad for further studies never deserted her.
出国深造的念头一直萦绕在她心头
●完全否定：not, never, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor
●绝对否定：not at all, by no means, in no way, under no circumstances, anything but
●半否定：hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little
●部分否定：not every, not all, not much, not many, not always
●暗含否定的词汇：fail, refrain, refuse, neglect, avoid, lack
                    without, beyond, above, except
                    until, unless, lest, before, too…to
                    ignorant, absent
                    instead of, other than, rather than, far from, short of, free from
●否定词缀：non-    un-    dis-    im- in- ir-  -less
●汉语常见否定
这事儿你甭管!  Don’t bother about it!
甭提了!  Don’t mention it!
别动!    Don’t move! / Freeze!
别客气!  You are welcome. / Help yourself!
●less is more是谁提出的否定转移
I don’t think you are right.  我认为你不对
John didn’t marry Linda because he loved her.
So far we knew of no effective way to store solar energy.
到目前为止，我们还不知道储存太阳能的有效办法
●部分否定
I don’t like both.        I like neither.     
我并不是两个都喜欢  我两个都不喜欢
All is not gold that glitters.
闪光的未必都是金子
This plant can’t be found anywhere.
不是所有的地方都能到这种植物
●问句中的否定
Is George here?  Is not George here?  Isn’t George here?
乔治在这儿吗  乔治没在这儿吗？ 乔治不是在这儿吗？（知道在，只是要听的人确认一下）
Won’t you come in?      Will you come in?
你进不进来？（进来吧） 你进来吗？
●not和no
He is not a poet.    He is no poet.
他不是诗人      他才谈不上是什么诗人呢
Henry is not taller than Harry.    Henry is no taller than Harry.
亨利不比哈利个子高          亨利跟哈利一样都不高
●比较结构与否定
He is more than a child.    他已经不是小孩子了
He is little more than a child.  他完全还是个孩子
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.  正如马不属于鱼类一样，鲸鱼也不是鱼类
我受不了他吹毛求疵的做法
I can’t bear his fault-finding. / His fault-finding is more than I can bear.
这个真的不能说
I really can’t tell you this. / This is more than I can tell.
●否定与语境
He spends 2,000 dollars a year.    他每年花销2000美元
He doesn’t spend 2,000 dollars a year.  他每年花销不足2000美元
He lives on 2,000 dollars a year.  他每年靠2000美元维持生活
He doesn’t live on 2,000 dollars a year.    每年2000美元不够他维持生活
●其它否定形式
There is no arguing with my father.
跟我爸爸讲不通
How do you know God really answer prayers? It depends on your view: if you believe, no proof is necessary; if you don’t, no proof is sufficient.
你怎么知道上帝是否真的答应你的祈祷呢？这取决于你的观点：如果你笃信上帝，那不需要任何证明；如果你不信上帝，再多的证明也没有用
●具体与抽象
One’s own past may become a gradually increasing weight.
一个人的过去可能会成为越来越沉重的包袱
曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子
All over the winding stretch of water, what meets the eye is a silken field of lotus leaves.
●英语抽象转换为汉语具体
Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.
智者未雨绸缪，愚者临渴掘井
Many rural residents have found prosperity in specialization.
农村居民通过专业化（有了一技之长）走上了致富之路（发家致富）
有了这个药箱，有个头疼脑热的就不用大夫了
With this medical box, you will be able to deal with the slight illness by yourself.
他认为应该大张旗鼓地去为新片做宣传
He thought they should give the new movie a wider and more vigorous publicity.
High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.
通常采用高架线来输送高压电，以防人畜触电
●汉语抽象对应英语具体
We must stop his madness.
我们必须阻止他的疯狂行为
Trustworthiness was a characteristic surely lacking in the last presidency.
上任总统任职期间的特点之一就是信任感的缺失

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