七年级英语下册 形容词专题讲解 外研版
初 中 英 语 形 容 词 专 讲
一.形容词的概念:形容词是用来修饰或限制名词(或不定代词或疑问代词或疑问副词), 说明人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词.
二.形容词的位置和用法. 形容词在句中主要作定语,表语, 宾语补足语. 有时还可作主语,宾语和状语.
(一). 作定语. 修饰或限制名词或不定代词或疑问代词,或疑问副词.
a. 前置定语. 形容词修饰或限制名词, 一般放在它所修饰或限制的名词之前.
(1). One New Year’s Day, we put on our new clothes.
(2). I want to make some American friends.
(3). Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy.
(其中eight-year-old叫复合形容词,其构成形式是:“数词+名词+形容词”,中间加连字符).
▲提示: 有的形容词只能作定语(不能作表语), 如:little(小的), only(唯一的), wooden(木质的), woolen(羊毛质的), elder(年长的). 如:
(4). My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误)
b. 后置定语
1. 形容词修饰或限制不定代词(something, anything, nothing, everything), 常
放在不定代词之后.
(5). I have something important to tell you. (6). I don’t want anything else.
2. else修饰或限制疑问代词(who, whom, what等)或疑问副词时,通常放在疑问
代词或疑问副词之后。
(7). What else do you want? (8).Where else are you going to visit?
c. enough作定语修饰或限制名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后。
(9). Pandas will have enough food to eat.=Pandas will have food enough to eat.
(二). 作表语. 放在连系动词之后. 常见的连系动词有四种.
a. be动词.
(10). Planes will be very large. (11). Running is tiring.
b. 感官连系动词: feel(摸起来), look/seem (看起来), smell(闻起来), sound (听起来),
taste (尝起来).
(12). Cotton feels soft.
c. 变化连系动词: become, get, go, grow, turn. 都译作:“变得,成为”.
(13). The fish went bad. (14). Trees turn green when spring comes.
d. 持续连系动词:keep, stay (都译作:保持).
(15). Please keep silent. (16). Mr Jackson stayed cool.
▲提示:有的形容词只能作表语(不能作定语),特别是以a-开头的形容词,如:afraid害怕, alone 独自的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的,alive活着的(有时可作后置定语), well健康的, ill病的, frightened害怕的. 如:
(17). The man is ill. (正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)
(三). 作宾语补足语, 常放在宾语的后面,用来补充说明宾语的性质, 特征或状态。
(18).We paint doors and windows red.
(19). His waltses made him famous all over Europe.
(20). What made you so interested in music?
(四). 作主语或宾语.
(1). 形容词前加定冠词the, 表示某一类人或物. 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用
复数. 如:the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind等.
(21). The rich should help the poor.
(21). The rich should help the poor.
(2). 表示国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词the,表示这个民族的整体. 在句中作主语或宾语, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数, 如: the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等.
(22). The English have the sense of humor.
(22). The English have the sense of humor.
(五). 作状语, 表示原因、结果或伴随状况等。
(23). The old man is lying on the street, cold and hungry.
三、使用形容词的几个常用句型.
1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示:做某事是怎样的。
(24). It is difficult to see and hear at the back.
▲提示:其中It叫形式主语,不定式叫真实主语,翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免句子显得头重脚轻.
2. “It is + adj. + for sb to do sth. 表示;对某人来说做某事是怎样的 例:
(25). It is more difficult for old people to learn English.
▲提示:
a. 与上面的提示相同.
b. 这一句型中常用的形容词有dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, 如:
(26). It is important for Liu Sanzi to work on his father’s farm.
(27). It’s very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.
3. It is + adj + of sb. 意为:某人是怎样的。.
(28). It is very brave of her.
4. It is + adj + of sb to do sth.. 意为:某人做某事是怎样的。
(29). It’s very kind of you to help me. (30). It’s very rude of her to say such words.
(31). It’s foolish of him to go alone.
▲提示:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词, 如careful(细心的),
careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的), polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等.
5. 形容词+不定式
a. 表示感情或情绪的形容词后面常接不定式.这样的形容词有:glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sad(忧伤的), thankful(感激的)等, 如:
(32). Glad to see you. (33). I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
b. 表示能力和意志的形容词,如able(有能力的), certain(一定), ready(乐意的,有准备的),sure(一定)等常接不定式。如:
(34). He is able to swim. (35). Lei Feng is always ready to help others.
(36). He is sure to get to school on time.
(36). He is sure to get to school on time.
四.形容词的三级。
(一). 三级变化. 大部分形容词有三级变化, 即:原级,比较级 (意为:“更加/比较….
的”),最高级(意为:“最….的”). 变化分规则变化和不规则变化。
(A). 规则变化:
1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化.
(1). 一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级,如:
tall→taller→tallest, long→longer→longest, short→shortest
(2) . 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。如: nice→nicer→nicest, fine→ finer→finest, large→larger→largest
(3). 以辅—元—辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加
er构成比较级,加est构成最高级,如:
big→bigger→biggest, hot→hotter→hottest, red→redder→reddest
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