新标准大学英语1考前复习资料——语法
ever的用法
这类由"特殊疑问词＋ever"构成的单词有：whatever,whichever,whoever,wherever,whenever, however.现将它们的用法归纳如下：
1.引导让步状语从句
这也是这类单词最常见的用法，一般译为"无论……"。如：
Keep calm,whatever happens.(无论什么)
Whoever you are,you can't pass this way.(无论谁)
I will find her wherever she may be.(无论在哪里)
Come and see me whenever you want to.(无论何时)
However frightened you may be yourself,you must remain outwardly calm.(无论怎样)
2.whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句
1)whatever起双重作用，相当于"anything that"或"hat"，可引导主语从句和宾语从句。
①可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"anything that"，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
Whatever I have is at your service.(引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)
Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)
I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
②可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词，相当于"hat ，在从句中作定语。如：
She would tell him whatever news she got.(＝any news that)
Whatever measures are adopted must be consistent with the rules.(＝any measures that)
2)whoever起双重作用，相当于"anyone who"，可引导主语从句和宾语从句。
I will give my ticket to whoever wants it.(引导宾语从句)
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work to do.(引导主语从句)
3)whichever引导主语从句或宾语从句，译为"无论哪一个"。如：
Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.(引导主语从句)
I will take whichever fits the sockets.(引导宾语从句)
no more than的用法
more than是英语中常见的用于两者比较的结构，表示“超过，多于”，在这里不必赘述。本文就more than的其它用法归纳如下，供英语学习者参考。
一、more than后跟形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词，more than起强调作用，含义是more than 后的形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词的分量不足以反应实际情况而加以说明，汉语意思是：“十分，非常，岂止，简直，不仅仅，绰绰有余”。例如：
I am more than content with what you said.我对你的讲话十分满意。
She was dressed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。
Being a good listener means much more than just listening with ears.
做一个好的听者不仅仅意味着“用耳朵听”。
Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是没有战争。
二、more than/more…than跟含can的从句，这种结构不能照字面来翻译。more than之后的从句里，英语里虽是肯定形式，却表示否定概念。more than…can…的结构意为“简直不可能”：“more…than…can…”的结构意为“达到不可能的程度”。例如：
The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.那个地方美得我简直不可以言表。
How he manages to live is more than I can tell.他怎样生活的，我简直猜不透。
He has more money than he can spend.他有花不完的钱。
三、more…than通常用于比较两个不同的人物，但有时也可用来指一个人物本身的两种特性，这时其意义和rather than相同，肯定more后面的，而否定than后面的。汉语意思是“与其说……不如说……”，“是……而不是……”。例如：
He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。
She is more shy than unsocial.她是害羞，而不是不爱社交。
He is more of a fool than a knave.与其说他是个无赖，不如说他是个笨蛋。
四、no more than与not more than后跟名词所表含义的区别：
no more than后跟名词的意思是“只不过，仅仅”，有“轻视，嫌少”之意。例如：
He is no more than a puppet.他只不过是个傀儡。
He felt no more than five dollars in the bag.
他的袋子里只剩下5美元（有言其少之意）。
not more than后跟名词的意思是“不超过，至多”，是一般的否定，或客观地说明数字。例如：
They were not more than two hours from the place.他们离那个地方最多不过两个小时的路线。
I have not more than five dollars in my pocket.
我口袋里的钱不多于5美元（最多5美元，不超过5美元）。
五、no more…than（not…any more than）跟从句，表示两者皆否定的观念，意思是“不……正如……不……一样”。例如：
He's no more fit to be a minister than a school boy would be.
小学生不适合当部长，他也不适合当部长（这句话的重点在He's no more fit to be a minister）。
A nation cannot exist without people any more than a tree can grow without roots.
一个国家不可能离开人民而存在，正如树没有根不能生长一样。
not more…than跟从句表示两者皆肯定的观念，只是有差别而已，意思是“不及……那样”。例如：
He is not more diligent than you are.他不象你那样勤奋。
（重点在you are diligent.他也勤奋，但不如你勤奋。）
六、little more than；no less than
little more than，因little含有否定意义，因此其汉语意思是“不过，仅仅，多不了多少”。例如：That is worth little more than one dollar.那不过值一美元。
no less than，因“no less”含双重否定，因此其汉语意思是“不少于，有……之多”。例如：There were no less than fifty killed and wounded.死伤者不少于50人。
七、more than虽属比较结构，但可辅以一定的词汇手段，如：no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，any，anything else，hardly，scarcely等否定句，便可表达最高级的含义。例如：Nothing is more precious than time.没有什么比时间更可贵的东西了。
No complaint is more common than that of a scarcity of money.最普通的就是说钱不够用。George did more work this morning than anyone else.乔治今天上午干的工作比任何人都多。
like的用法
一、like作动词用。
1.有“喜欢”，“喜爱”之意。其后接名词、代词、动词不定式、动词ing形式或复合宾语。如：
Most students like pop songs.大多数学生喜欢流行歌曲。
Do you like it?你喜欢它吗？
I don't like to speak in public.我不喜欢在公共场合说话。
Do you like working in China?你喜欢在中国工作吗？
I like people to tell the truth.我喜欢人讲真话。
She doesn't like people praising in front of her.她不喜欢别人当面表扬她。
2.有“愿意”、“想要”之意，常与should,would连用，后可接名词、不定式、或复合宾语。如：
I'd like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。
I'd like to see your ten speed bicycles.我想看看你们的十速自行车。
I would like you to stay in the company.我希望你留在公司。
3.在“Ho do you like?”这一句型中，通常是询问对方对某个地方或某样东西的看法。意为“你觉得怎么样”如：
How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样？
二、like作介词用，有“象一样”的含义。
1.常与be,look等连系动词连用，作表语。
What is he like?他是怎么样一个人？
It looks like a cat.它看上去象只猫。
2.表示方式，用作状语。
Don't throw it like that.别那样扔。
It's not polite to speak to the old man like that.象那样跟老人讲话是不礼貌的。
3.修饰前面的名词或代词，作后置定语。
They will produce thins like telephones and computers.他们将生产电话机和计算机之类的产品。The bird is something like a parrot.这种鸟儿有点象鹦鹉。
三、feel like doing something意为“想做某事”。其后接动词ing形式作宾语，表示意愿或希望。如：Do you feel like having a walk with me?跟我一道去散散步怎样？
I feel like going to bed.I'm so tired.
我想上床睡觉。我累极了。
As和like用法的区别
as和like在汉语中都译做"像"，但字面下的隐含意思是不同的.
like侧重A B两者间的比较，并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似.
例如:He speak English like an Englishman.(=in a way an Englishman speaks English.)
表示有些相象
as则侧重于同一性，意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似.
例如:He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.)表示讲得一样好
很早的时候，like是形容词，表示相象、相同、类似等意；as是连接词。
Samy and Sammy are very like.Samy和Sammy长得很像。
Paul behaved as a child（does）．保罗的举止像个小孩。（句子有省略）
后来，like作为介词使用，表示像…一样；as也可以作为介词使用了。
Paul behaved like a child．保罗的举止像个小孩。（句子没有省略）
再比较：
Let me speak to you as a father．让我以父亲的地位对你说说。（=I am your father and I am speaking to you in that character）
Let me speak to you like a father．让我像你父亲那样对你说说。（=I am not your father but I am speaking to you in the way your father might）
再后来，有些语法学家把以往like不允许作连词使用的规则也改了，用来代替引导方式状语从句的as。
I can't sing like I used to do．我不能像过去那样地唱了。（指唱的音）
He writes just like his brother did when he was young．他写字的手法和他兄弟年轻时写的差不离。（指书法的风格和字型）
即使如此，like和as有时还是有些区别的。试比较：
The prisoner was hanged like a murderer．这个囚徒像杀人犯那样被处以绞刑（=…as if he were a murderer）。
The prisoner was hanged as a murderer．这个犯人作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。（这个犯人就是杀人犯）
状语从句
一定义：
A状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因，等。
1Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.时间状语修饰began
2The boy was praised for his bravery.原因状语修饰was praised
B状语从句就是用一个句子来代替上面的时间状语和原因状语。
1Ten years ago,she began to live in Dalian.
When she was12years old,she began to live in Dalian.
2The boy was praised for his bravery.
The boy was praised because he saved the baby’s life in the freezing river.
进行时态，只用while,as.其他情况下when,while,as通用。
１When he came in,I was listening to the radio．
２As I was wandering in the street,I met her.
３While(as)I was watching TV,my mum was cooking in the kitchen.
(2)连词before,after,since,until(till).当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。
He usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school.连词
He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school.介词
He usually drinks a cup of coffee after he comes back from school.连词less is more大学英语课件
He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school.介词
I have lived in Dalian since my son was born in1999.连词
通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I have lived in Dalian since1999.介词
I will wait here until(till)you finish your job.连词
I will wait here until(till)8pm.介词
(3)词组：as soon as
I will tell him as soon as he comes back.
As soon as she finishes her homework,she will play tennis.
通常情况下，主句用一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句用一般现在时。
where,wherever=no matter where:
１Where there is water,there is life.
２Where there is a will,there is a way.
３Wherever you go,I will follow you.==No matter where you go,I will follow you.
４I will go wherever I can find a good job.==I will go no matter where I can find a good job.
because,as,since,for.
１Tom was late for school this morning because he didn’t catch the early bus.
２I couldn’t go to Beijing on business as my mother was ill.
３Since all of us agreed about this plan,we will carry it out next week.
４We listened carefully,for the speech was very important.
注意：
当连接原因状语从句时，because语气最强，as,since,for次之；because,as,since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面，for引导的从句只能在主句的后面。
if,unless,as long as.
１If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.
２You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard on it.
３As long as you take my advice,you will outwit your rival.
注意：一般情况下，if,unless,as long as引导的从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
句的连接词有：although,though,even if,even though,however,whatever, whenever,whoever,whichever.
１Although(though)I gave him some advice,he didn’t take them.
２John continued to work hard even if(even though)he felt sick.
３Whatever you do,I will support you.==No matter what you do,I will support you.
４Whoever you may be,I will not let you in.===No matter who you may be,I will not let you in.
５However difficult it may be,we will overcome it.===No matter how difficult it may be,we will overcome it.
注意：
一般情况下，although等于though,even if等于even though,however等于no matter how, wh-ever等于no matter wh-．
as,as if,as though.
１You should do your homework as Tom did.
２Jerry was lying on the bed as if(as though)he was very tired.
注意：通常情况下，as if等于as though.
so that,in order that.

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