一、    重要性:
从网维排查的用户反应网速慢的故障中,相当一部分是山于交换机和交换机端 口、交换机端口和用户路山器端口、交换机端口和光电转换器端口、交换机端口 和用户网卡匹配不当,产生错包引起的。该问题虽然比较常见,但只要按交换机 开局来配置,通常能降低故障发生率,即使还存在端口错包问题,也能通过改端 口速度和双工状态来彻底解决。
二、    交换机端口错包说明:
以华为交换机端口为例进行说明:
[NJ-A-GJXC-S3026C-1]dis int eth 0/1
Ethernet0/1 current state : UP
IP Sen ding Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e21d-bedc
Description: to gujiao_33-192.168.86.161
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
negotiation autoMedia type is twisted pair, loopback not set
Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX
100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode
Link speed type is force link,link duplex type is force link
Flow-control is not enabled
Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely
The Maximum Frame Length is 1536
Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%
PVID: 10
Mdi type: auto
Port link-type: hybrid
Tagged VLAN ID : , 99
Untagged VLAN ID : , 10, 458
Last 300 sec onds in put: 0 packets/sec 11 bytes/sec
Last 300 sec onds output: 7 packets/sec 520 bytes/sec
Input(total): 11864483 packets, 6684922188 bytes
66707 broadcasts, 9522 multicasts
lnput(normal):・ packets, • bytes
broadcasts,・ multicasts
Input: 0 in put errors, 0 runts, 0 giants,throttles, 0 CRC
0 frame,overruns,0 aborts, 0 ignored, parity errors
Output(total): 12008069 packets, 5178275457 bytes
3638352 broadcasts, 288120 multicasts, 0 pauses
Outputfnormal):・ packets, • bytes
broadcasts,・ multicasts, - pauses
Output: 0 output errors,・ underruns, • buffer failures
0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions
0 lost carrier, no carrier
如上红字所示:
输入错误数,input errors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根据 具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。
1.Runts: discarded packets that are smaller than the mediums minimum packet size.
(Receive Byte Count < 64 and NOT CRC Error
or Receive Byte Count < 64 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,
无论是否有vlan tag,数据段小于64字节,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。
2.Giants: discarded packets that are larger than the medium's maximum packet size.
(Receive Byte Count > 1518 and NOT CRC Error
or Receive Byte Count > 1522 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,
没有vlan tag,数据段大于1518字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错 误的帧,和有vlan tag,数据段大于1522字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC 校验错误的帧。)
3.Throttles: discarded packets that are in complete frames.
交换机察觉缓存或CPU过载,关闭接口接收器的情形称为throttle,cisco 路由器上的一个概念,我们的交换机H前不具备这个功能,一般应该显示为不支 持。)
4.CRC: discarded packets with checksum error.
(Receive Packet CRC error,帧长度在正常范圉(不带tag,长度在641518 之间,或带tag,长度在641522之间),而且CRC校验错,如果支持此项, 则不支持奇偶校验错误项。)
5.Frame: discarded packets with frame pad/sequence/alignment error, out of frame etc.
(不是整数字节,而是多17bit,因此不对齐,或乱序或空帧,而且CRC校验 错误,但是不计入CRC错误。)
6.0verrun: the receiver hardware is unable to hand receiveddata to a hardware buffer because the in put rate exceeds the receiversability to handle the data.
(由于接口输入速率超过接受方处理能力,导致丢包,由于我们的交换机一般 是线速转发,这项一般应该为0,只有部分交换机对上传CPU或三层线速转发的 帧有接口带宽限制,或是通过ACL实现的带宽限制,因此被丢弃的帧,讣入此 项。)
7.Aborts: Input abnormal frames that are discarded.
(除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如前导码异常的帧,计入 此项。)
8.lg no red: packets t hat are discarded because the in terface hardware does not have eno ugh in ter nal buffers.
(Packetignored,山于接口内部buffer满,丢弃的帧,与由于主系统缓存空 间缺乏,导致的丢弃帧不同。线速转发的帧,在多接口满带宽输入,单接口输出 等情况下,山于输出接口的带宽不足,数据帧将内部缓存占满,导致从接口输入 的帧在进入内部缓存之前被丢弃,以及进入内部缓存的帧超时无法输岀,计入此 项,上传到CPU的帧,曲于CPU处理能力限制,toCPU的缓存满,导致被丢弃, 也计入此项。)
9.Parity: Frames with parity error・
(Receive Packet parity error,如果支持此项,则不支持CRC错误项。)
输入丢弃数/输入错误数,output errors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的 产品可以根据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。
1・Underruns: There are no data in the output queue・
Transmit under run,Overrun相反,输出接口的缓存从输出队列中取以 太网帧时,没有帧,是一种非常少见的硬件异常。有的交换机就没有单独的接口 输出缓存,与接口输出队列是同一块缓存。)
2.Buffer failures: Hardware does not have eno ugh in ter nal buffers ・
(内部缓存满,如果输出队列满,输出的以太网帧将在内部缓存中暂时存储,山 于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃。由于交换机对线速转发的数据帧发生的这种异常, 认为只是到达内部缓存而没有到达出接口,是个输入帧,因此计入Input IgnoredError,只有从CPU发出的帧,山于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃,计入此项。)
3.Aborts: Output abnormal frames that are discarded・
(在半双工模式下,由于冲突检测,延迟发送超过15次的帧,被丢弃,计入 此项。除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统讣的错误,例如添加前导码异常的帧, 也计入此项)
4.Deferred: The packets could not be sent out for collision under half-duplex mode ・
(半双工模式下,由于检测到载波正在被声明,当时没有发出的包,延时一次, 计数加一。)
5.Collisions: Statistic of collision detection under half-duplex mode.
半双工模式下,在以太网帧数据部分的前64字节进入线路前,由于检测到冲 突,当时没有发出的包。)
6ate collisions: Statistic of collision with GE port sendingpackets less than 512 bytes and 10/1 OOM port less than 64 bytes.

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